UCSPOL LESSON 4:DEFINING CULTURE AND SOCIETY

ART

PART OF CULTURE BECAUSE IT IS A PRODUCT OF HUMAN EXPRESSION

ETHNIC

GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH CHARACTERISTICS OR FEATURES

DIVERSE

DIFFERENT CULTURES BECAUSE OF PEOPLE’S DIVERSITY; VARIATION IN CULTURE

COMMUNITY

GROUP OF PEOPLE OR SOCIETY

HUMAN

NO HUMAN, NO CULTURE

HUMAN

A LIVING BEING WITH A BODY AND MIND, CAPABLE OF THINKING, FEELING, LEARNING, AND COMMUNICATING. HUMANS BELONG TO THE SPECIES HOMO SAPIENS.

PEOPLE

SHOULD BE CREATED TO FORM A SOCIETY

TEAMWORK

COOPERATION, UNITY WITH SIMILAR COMMON GOODS, SIMILAR IDEOLOGY

CULTURE

HUMANS CREATE CULTURE AND SHARES THEIR INTERESTS IN ORDER FOR A SOCIETY TI BE SIGNIFICANT

FAMILY BONDING MOMENTS, HOSPITALITY, HAPPY POINT OF VIEW IN LIFE, RESILIENCY

FILIPINO CULTURE IS COLORFUL:

CULTURE

GROUPS OF PEOPLE THAT SHARE A COMMON SET OF VALUES AND BELIEFS

CULTURE

CHARACTERISTICS AND KNOWLEDGE OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OF PEOPLE, ENCOMPASSING LANGUAGE, RELIGION, CUISINE, SOCIAL HABITS, MUSIC AND ARTS

SOCIAL

CULTURE IS ______ BECAUSE IT IS A PRODUCT OF BEHAVIOR

VARIES

CULTURE ______ FROM SOCIETY TO SOCIETY

SHARED

CULTURE IS S______

LEARNED

CULTURE IS L______

TRANSMITTED

CULTURE IS ______ AMONG MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY

CONTINOUS AND COMMULATIVE

CULTURE IS C______ AND C______

GRATIFYING AND IDEALISTIC

CULTURE IS G______ AND I______

SYMBOLS

ANYTHING THAT IS USED TO STAND FOR SOMETHING—A REPRESENTATION

SYMBOLS

GIVES MEANING TO THE CULTURE

SYMBOLS

INCLUDES SIGNS, EMBLEMS, HAND GESTURES, FLAGS, ANIMALS, AND MUCH MORE

LANGUAGE

KNOWN AS THE STOREHOUSE OF CULTURE (ARCINAS, 2016)

ARCINAS, 2016

“LANGUAGE IS KNOWN AS THE STOREHOUSE OF CULTURE”

LANGUAGE

SYSTEM OF WORDS AND SYMBOLS USED TO COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER PEOPLE

VALUES

CULTURALLY DEFINED STANDARDS FOR WHAT’S GOOD OR DESIRABLE

VALUES

THE IMPORTANT BELIEFS OR PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE HOW PEOPLE THINK, ACT, AND MAKE DECISIONS. THEY HELP DEFINE WHAT IS RIGHT, GOOD, OR WORTHWHILE IN LIFE.

BELIEFS

REFERS TO THE FAITH OF AN INDIVIDUAL (DAVID AND MACARAEG, 2018)

DAVID AND MACARAEG, 2018

“BELIEFS REFERS TO THE FAITH OF AN INDIVIDUAL”

NORMS

SPECIFIC VALUES / STANDARDS TO GUIDE FOR APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR (ARCINAS, 2016)

ARCINAS, 2016

“NORMS ARE THE SPECIFIC VALUES / STANDARDS TO GUIDE FOR APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR”

PROSCRIPTIVE NORMS AND PRESCRIPTIVE NORMS

TWO TYPES OF NORMS

PROSCRIPTIVE NORMS

THINGS NOT TO DO

PRESCRIPTIVE NORMS

THINGS TO DO

FOLKWAYS

PATTERN OF REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS THAT STEMS FROM CASUAL INTERACTION.

EX. SHAKING HANDS WHEN MEETING SOMEONE

MORES

SET OF ETHICAL AND MORAL BEHAVIORS STRUCTURES THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RIGHT OR WRONG

MORES

NORMS THAT ARE CONSIDERED IMPORTANT AND CARRY MORAL SIGNIFICANCE.

EX. LYING, STEALING, CHEATING, ETC.

MORES

THE STRONG, TRADITIONAL SOCIAL RULES AND NORMS THAT DEFINE WHAT IS CONSIDERED MORALLY RIGHT OR WRONG IN A SOCIETY. BREAKING MORES USUALLY RESULTS IN STRONG DISAPPROVAL OR PUNISHMENT.

TABOOS

STRONGEST TYPE OF NORM REPRESENTING BEHAVIORS THAT ARE ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN AND CONSIDERED DISGUSTING OR ABHORRENT WITHIN A CULTURE.

EX. INCEST OR CANNIBALISM

LAW

FORMAL RULES AND REGULATIONS ESTABLISHED BY A GOVERNING AUTHORITY AND THEY ARE ENFORCED BY LGEAL INSTITUTIONS

LAW

VIOLATION LAW CAN RESULT IN LEGAL PENALTIES, SUCH AS FINES AND IMPRISONMENT

MATERIAL CULTURE AND NONMATERIAL CULTURE

TWO COMPONENTS OF CULTURE

MATERIAL CULTURE

TANGIBLE

MATERIAL CULTURE

THE PHYSICAL OBJECTS USED BY A SOCIETY, SUCH AS TOOLS, CLOTHING, FOOD, AND ART

NONMATERIAL CULTURE

INTANGIBLE

NONMATERIAL CULTURE

THE IDEAS, BELIEFS, VALUES, AND NORMS THAT SHAPE A SOCIETY’S WORLDVIEW AND GUIDE BEHAVIOR

CULTURAL CHANGE

TRANSFORMATION OF A SOCIETY’S CUSTOM, BELIEFS, AND PRACTICES

CULTURAL CHANGE

GRADUAL PROCESS OR A RAPID SHIFT, AND IS INFLUENCED BY VARIOUS FACTORS SUCH AS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS, CONTACT WITH OTHER CULTURES, AND INTERNAL INNOVATIONS

DISCOVERY

PROCESS OF FINDING A NEW PLACE OR AN OBJECT, ARTIFACT, OR ANYTHING THAT PREVIOUSLY EXISTED

INVENTION

CANBE EITHER SOCIAL OR MATERIAL OR IT COULD ALSO BE AN INVENTION OF NEW METHODS OR TECHNIQUES

COLONIZATION

THE POLITICAL, AND POLITICAL POLICY OF ESTABLISHING A COLONY WHICH WOULD BE SUBJECT TO THE RULE OR GOVERNANCE OF THE COLONIZING STATE

REBELLION AND REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT

AIM TO CHANGE THE WHOLE SOCIAL ORDER AND REPLACE THE LEADERSHIP

ETHNOCENTRISM

A PERCEPTION THAT ARISES FROM THE FACT THAT CULTURES DIFFER AND EACH CULTURE DEFINES REALITY DIFFERENTLY

ETHNOCENTRISM

TENDENCY TO VIEW THE WORLD, ESPECIALLY OTHER COUNTRIES, THROUGH THE LENS OF ONE’S OWN CULTURE, OFTEN LEADING TO THE BELIEF THAT ONE’S OWN CULTURE IS SUPERIOR

ETHNOCENTRISM

BELIEF THAT ONE'S OWN CULTURE, ETHNIC GROUP, OR WAY OF LIFE IS SUPERIOR TO OTHERS. IT OFTEN LEADS TO JUDGING OTHER CULTURES BY THE STANDARDS OF ONE'S OWN

XENOCENTRISM

PREFERENCE FOR THE CULTURAL PRODUCTS, STYLES, OR IDEAS OF A DIFFERENT CULTURE OVER ONE’S OWN

XENOCENTRISM

BELIEF THAT ANOTHER CULTURE IS SUPERIOR TO ONE’S OWN

XENOCENTRISM

CAN MANIFEST AS A PREFERENCE FOR FOREIGN GOODS, IDEAS, OR EVEN WAYS OF LIFE

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

ATTEMPT TO JUDGE BEHAVIOR ACCORDING TO ITS CULTURAL CONTEXT (BALENA, ET, AL, 2016)

BALENA ET AL, 2016

“CULTURAL RELATIVISM IS AN ATTEMPT TO JUDGE BEHAVIOR ACCORDING TO ITS CULTURAL CONTEXT”

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

PRINCIPLE THAT AN INDIVIDUAL PERSON’S BELIEFS AND ACTIVITIES SHOULD BE UNDERSTOOD BY OTHERS IN TERMS OF THAT INDIVIDUALS OWN CULTURE

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

EMPHASIZES THAT MORALITY, ETHICS, AND VALUES ARE RELATIVE TO THE SPECIFIC CULTURAL CONTEXT IN WHICH THEY ARISE

CULTURAL DIVERSITY

THERE IS NO RIGHT OR WRONG CULTURE BUT THERE IS APPROPRIATE CULTURE FOR THE NEED OF A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PEOPLE

SUBCULTURE

REFERS TO A SMALLER GROUP WITHIN A LARGER CULTURE

COUNTER CULTURE

CULTURAL PATTERNS THAT STRONGLY APPOSE THOSE WIDELY ACCEPTED WITHIN A SOCIETY

CULTURE LAG

EXPERIENCED WHEN SOME PARTS OF THE SOCIETY DOES NOT CHANGE AS FAST AS WITH OTHER PARTS AND THEY’RE LEFT BEHIND

REAL CULTURE

ACTUAL PATTERNS THAT ONLY APPROXIMATE CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS

REAL CULTURE

REAL CULTURE IS WHAT PEOPLE ACTUALLY DO IN EVERYDAY LIFE, EVEN IF IT'S DIFFERENT FROM WHAT THEY SAY THEY BELIEVE OR VALUE. IT SHOWS THE TRUE BEHAVIOR OF A SOCIETY

HIGH CULTURE

CULTURAL PATTERNS THAT DISTINGUISH A SOCIETY’S ELITE

POPULAR CULTURE

CULTURAL PATTERNS THAT ARE WIDESPREAD AMONG A SOCIETY’S POPULATION

CULTURAL CHANGE

MANNER BY WHICH CULTURE EVOLVES

CONCEPT OF SOCIETY

LATIN WORD “SOCIUS” (COMPANION OR ASSOCIATE)

CONCEPT OF SOCIETY

ALL PEOPLE, COLLECTIVELY REGARDED AS CONSTITUTING A COMMUNITY OF RELATED INTERDEPENDENT INDIVIDUALS LIVING ON A DEFINITE PLACE, FOLLOWING A CERTAIN MODE OF LIFE (ARIOLA, 2012)

ARIOLA, 2012

“ALL PEOPLE, COLLECTIVELY REGARDED AS CONSTITUTING A COMMUNITY OF RELATED INTERDEPENDENT INDIVIDUALS LIVING ON A DEFINITE PLACE, FOLLOWING A CERTAIN MODE OF LIFE “

CONCEPT OF SOCIETY

GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH COMMON TERRITORY, INTERACTION, AND CULTURE (ARCINAS, 2016)

ARCINAS, 2016

GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH COMMON TERRITORY, INTERACTION, AND CULTURE

CONCEPT OF SOCIETY

GROUP OF PEOPLE LIVING TOGETHER IN DEFINITE TERRITORY, HAVING A SENSE OF BELONGINGNESS, MUTUALLY INTERDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHER, AND FOLLOW A CERTAIN WAY OF LIFE

FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION AND STRUCTURAL DEFINITION

2 TYPES OF DEFINITION OF SOCIETY

FUNCTIONAL DEFINITION

COMPLEX GROUPS IN RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIPS, INTERACTING UPON ONE ANOTHER ENABLING HUMAN ORGANISMS TO CARRY

STRUCTURAL DEFINITION

TOTAL SOCIAL HERITAGE OF FOLKWAYS, MORES, AND INSTITUTION; OF HABITS, SENTIMENTS AND IDEALS

FOR SURVIVAL, FEELING OF GREGARIOUSNESS, SPECIALIZATION

3 REASONS WHY PEOPLE LIVE TOGETHER AS A SOCIETY