THE RENAL SYSTEM QUIZ

The urinary system does all of the following EXCEPT

excreting excess albumin molecules

Which of the following activities is NOT related to kidney function?

lipid digestion

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

fibrous capsule

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole

What is the proper order for the structures of the renal corpuscle through which a substance travels during filtration?

4, 3, 1, 2

fenestrated endothelium

basement membrane

filtration slit (slit pore)

capsular space

_____ is/are an inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli that affects the filtration mechanism of the kidneys.

Glomerulonephritis

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle

The region known as the macula densa is part of

the distal convoluted tubule

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water

Eighty percent of the nephrons in the human kidney are located in the _______ and have short nephron loops

cortex

Each kidney has about ______ nephrons

1.25 million

Which of the following substances should NOT be filtered?

proteins

An important structure for blood pressure regulation is the

juxtaglomerular complex

_____ is the most abundant organic waste.

Urea

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. From the list below, what are these three main pressures?

1, 2, and 4 are correct

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Capsular hydrostatic pressure

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

A drug that inhibits antiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to all of the following EXCEPT

increased fluid retention

All of the following would result in an increase in renin release EXCEPT

increased blood volume

Diuretics are used for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

to reduce glucose levels

Prolonged aldosterone stimulation of the distal convoluted tubule may result in

hypokalemia

Basically, what occurs in the countercurrent multiplier process?

A higher sodium concentration is produced in the renal medulla that osmotically draws out water, reducing it within the tubules and the urine.

Antidiuretic hormone

increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.

The final composition of urine is represented by which of the following statements?

Urine = substances filtered - substances reabsorbed + substances secreted.