WHII: Study Guide: European Nationalism   

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36 Terms

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Napoleon
One of the greatest military minds of all time.
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Italian Campaign
Period during which Napoleon revolutionized warfare.
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Coup d'état
A bloodless seizure of government control; Napoleon declared himself First Consul.
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Napoleonic Wars
Warfare conducted by Napoleon in the name of peace and supporting the revolution.
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Emperor of France
Title declared by Napoleon in 1804.
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Downfall of Napoleon
Catastrophic mistakes such as invading Russia and suffering heavy losses.
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Congress of Vienna
Meeting of European powers from 1814-1815 aimed at restoring Europe post-French Revolution.
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Napoleonic Code
The new code of laws created by Napoleon that included many reforms.
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Nationalism
The desire of a people for self-rule based on culture, language, and heritage.
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Victor Emmanuel II
King of Sardinia who became the first King of Italy.
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Realpolitik
Political philosophy that justifies all means to achieve and hold power.
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Franco-Prussian War
War that led to the unification of the German states under Prussia.
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Kaiser
Title for the emperor of Germany, first held by Wilhelm I.
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Blood and Iron
Bismarck's policy advocating for a powerful military to unify Germany.
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Unification of Italy
The process of uniting various Italian states into one kingdom.
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Papal States
Territory ruled by the Pope, which was a barrier to Italian unification.
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Liberalism
Political philosophy advocating for democracy, rights, and freedoms.
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Conservatism
Political philosophy supporting monarchy and traditional authority.
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30 Years War
A devastating conflict that significantly weakened the Holy Roman Empire.
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Bismarck
Prussian Prime Minister who led the unification of Germany.
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Elba
The island to which Napoleon was first exiled after abdication.
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St. Helena
The island where Napoleon was exiled a second time and died.
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Waterloo
The battle in which Napoleon was defeated by the Duke of Wellington.
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Duke of Wellington
The leader of the English forces that defeated Napoleon at Waterloo.
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Cavour
Prime Minister of Sardinia who played a crucial role in Italian unification.
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Garibaldi
Military commander who united Southern Italy with Northern Italy.
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Common Language
One of the factors that tied the German people together.
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Holy Roman Empire
Political organization that existed before the unification of Germany.
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Metternich
The Prince who hosted the Congress of Vienna.
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Balance of Power
A goal of the Congress of Vienna to ensure no country became too powerful.
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Napoleon's Legacy
Includes the growth of nationalism and the establishment of the Napoleonic Code.
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Cultural Differences
One of the divisions that hindered Italian unification, including dialects and regional influences.
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Legislative Means
The method through which the UK expanded political rights compared to continental Europe.
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Freedom of Religion
One of the opportunities promoted by Liberalism.
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Established Church
A characteristic of Conservatism promoting a state religion.
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Economic Competition
One of the factors in the rise of nationalism.