Respiratory System Medical Terminology

Flashcards covering respiratory system vocabulary, medical conditions, diagnostic tests, and pharmacological or anatomical suffix/prefix terms based on lecture notes.

Apnea

A temporary inability to breath, without breathing.

Aerophagia

Swallowing of air.

Asthma

A respiratory disorder, often of allergic origin, characterized by dyspnea, wheezing, and a sense of constriction in the chest.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs at the end of the bronchioles.

Acidosis

An abnormal increase in the acidity of the blood.

Anoxia

Lack or absence of oxygen.

Atelectasis

Collapse of a part of the lung, imperfect inflation of the lung.

Bronchodilator

A substance that acts to dilate constricted bronchial tubes.

Bronchiectasis

Dilation of the bronchi or bronchial tubes.

Bronchostenosis

narrowing of a bronchus.

Bronchioles

Smallest bronchial tubes.

Bronchus

Either of the two main branches of the trachea.

Bronchospasm

Spasmodic contraction of the muscular lining of the bronchi.

Crackles

Fine crackling or bubbling sounds typically heard upon inspiration.

Consolidation

Process of becoming solid.

Corticosteroid

Man-made agent (hormone) they work by decreasing tissue edema (inflammation) associated with chronic lung disease.

Coryza

Inflammation of the nasal passages, cold.

Croup

Acute respiratory syndrome, laryngeal obstruction, barking cough, stridor.

Cyte

Cell.

Chondr

combining form used like a prefix meaning cartilage.

Diaphragm

The main muscle used for breathing. Separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity.

Emphysema

Distention and destruction of alveoli.

Eupnea

Easy, free respiration, as is observed normally under resting conditions.

Empyema

Pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax).

Epiglottitis

In acute form, a severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and surrounding area that occurs most commonly in children between $2$ and $12$.

Epistaxis

Hemorrhage of the nose or nose bleed.

Friction rub

Dry grating sound heard upon auscultation with a stethoscope during auscultation.

Hypoxemia

Oxygen deficiency in the blood.

Hypoxia

Oxygen deficiency in the body.

Hemorrhage

Rupture, large amount of blood loss.

Intercostal

Pertaining to between the ribs.

Influenza

Contagious, viral disease, may cause fever, chills, HA, pain.

Lobectomy

excision or removal of a lobe.

Laryngostenosis

Stricture or narrowing of the larynx.

Melan

Black.

Orthopnea

Difficult/painful breathing in any position except in an erect sitting or standing position.

Pertussis

“Whooping Cough” infection of the respiratory mucous membrane.

Pnea

Breath/breathing/respiration.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing.

Pneum(o)

Lung/air.

Pneumonia

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.

Pneumothorax

The presence of air in the pleural cavity.

Pneumonocele

Herniation of the lung through a defect in the chest wall.

Pneumocentesis

Surgical puncture of the lung.

Pleuritis (pleurisy)

Inflammation of the pleura (membrane that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity).

Pleura

Membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the walls of the thoracic cavity.

Pleuralgia

pain in the pleura.

Pharyngostenosis

Narrowing/stricture of the pharynx.

Pyothorax

Pus in the thorax or pleural cavity.

Pharyngomycosis

Abnormal fungus condition of the throat.

Pharyngoplegia

Paralysis of the pharynx or throat.

Phreno

diaphragm or mind.

Rhinoplasty

Surgical repair of the nose.

Pneumonosis

Abnormal condition of the lungs.

Stridor

High pitched, musical sound made on inspiration due to obstruction.

Spirometry

Measures breathing capacity of the lungs.

Trachea

Windpipe, cylindrical tube composed of smooth muscle.

Tracheostomy

Forming (creating) an opening in the trachea.

Tracheomalacia

Softening of the trachea.

Tracheopathy

disease of the trachea.

Tracheotomy

Incision of the trachea.

Tachypnea

Rapid/fast/elevated breathing.

Tuberculosis

Infectious disease producing small lesions in the lungs (TB).

Wheeze

Continuous high pitched whistling usually during expiration, narrow airway.

FEV

Measurement of the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled from the lungs after the deepest inhalation.

VC

Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can inhale after a maximum exhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.

$$FEV_1$$

Measurement of the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled during the first second of measuring the FEV.

PFT

Pulmonary function test.

Muc(o)

Mucus.

My(o)

Muscle.

Myc(o)

Fungus.

Steth

Chest.

Inspiration

The drawing in of breath; inhalation.

Fibromyalgia

A syndrome characterized by fatigue and chronic pain in the muscles and in tissues surrounding the joints.

Cystic fibrosis

Production of viscid mucus that obstructs the pancreatic ducts and bronchi.

Diaphragmatic hernia

Protrusion of abdominal parts/organs into the chest through the diaphragm.

Nephritis

Inflammation of the kidneys.

Hepatoma

Tumor of the liver.

Postural Drainage

The positioning of a patient with an involved lung segment such that gravity has a maximal effect of facilitating the drainage of broncho-pulmonary secretions from the tracheobronchial tree.

Pleural effusion

a buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity.

ABG

Arterial blood Gas Test used to assess the adequacy of ventilation, Oxygenation and acid-base balance.

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a group or respiratory disorders, is characterized by a chronic, partial obstruction of the bronchi and lungs (includes Asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema).

CPAP

Continuous positive airway pressure.

$$CO_2$$

Carbon dioxide.

OSA

Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

ARDS

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Suffix: -cele

hernia, swelling.

Suffix: -centesis

surgical puncture.

Suffix: -ectasis

dilation, expansion.

Suffix: -malacia

softening.

Prefix: Brady-

Slow.

Prefix: Tachy-

rapid.

FVC

Forced vital capacity: the maximum amount of air you can forcibly exhale from your lungs after fully inhaling.