Section 2: Professional ethics, medical ethics, bioethics, clinical ethics

Professional Ethics

are standards of conduct that apply to people who occupy a professional occupation or role

Professional Ethics

A person who enters a profession acquires ethical obligations because society trusts them to provide valuable goods and services that cannot be provided unless their conduct conforms to certain standards

Professional Ethics

Professionals who fail to live up to their ethical obligations betray this trust.

Professional Ethics

Professional ethics studied by ethicists include medical ethics

Thomas Percival.

The expressions “professional ethics” and “medical ethics” were coined by

Medical ethics

s a branch of applied ethics that guides healthcare professionals in making moral and ethical decisions in medical practice

Medical ethics

It involves the application of ethical principles to clinical practice, research, and healthcare policies to ensure patient welfare, professional integrity, and social responsibility

Clinical Decision-Making
Patient Confidentiality
Medical Research
Public Health Policies

Medical ethics is applied in various aspects of healthcare, such as

Clinical Decision-Making

Helping physicians and healthcare workers navigate moral dilemmas, such as end-of-life care and treatment refusals

Patient Confidentiality

Ensuring compliance with privacy laws, such as the Data Privacy Act in the Philippines

Medical Research

Adhering to ethical standards for human subject research, including obtaining informed consent and ethics review board approva

Public Health Policies

Balancing individual rights with societal health needs, such as vaccine mandates and pandemic responses

Bioethics

an interdisciplinary field that examines ethical, legal, and social issues related to life sciences, healthcare, biotechnology, and medical research.

Bioethics

It extends beyond medical ethics by addressing broader concerns in biology, genetics, public health, and environmental ethics

Bioethics

Includes both medical ethics and environmental ethics

Bioethics

is learning how to balance different benefits, risks and duties.

Medical Ethics
Research Ethics
Genetic Ethics
End-of-Life Ethics
Public Health Ethics
Environmental Ethics

Bioethics covers a wide range of issues, including

Environmental Ethics

Ethical implications of human actions on ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate change

Public Health Ethics

Ethical considerations in disease prevention, vaccine distribution, and global health policies

End-of-Life Ethics

Discussions on euthanasia, assisted dying, and palliative care

Genetic Ethics

Issues related to genetic testing, gene editing (e.g., CRISPR), cloning, and reproductive technologies.

Research Ethics

Guidelines for conducting ethical research involving human participants, such as informed consent, risk-benefit analysis, and ethical review processes.

Medical Ethics

Ethical principles in clinical practice, including patient rights, autonomy, and professional conduct.

Clinical ethics

a branch of applied ethics that focuses on ethical issues that arise in patient care

Clinical ethics

It helps healthcare professionals navigate moral dilemmas in clinical settings by applying ethical principles to decision-making, ensuring that patient rights, well-being, and professional integrity are upheld.

Clinical ethics

emphasizes that in practicing good clinical medicine, physicians must combine scientific and technical abilities with ethical concerns for the personal values of the patients who seek their help.

truth-telling
informed consent
end of life care
palliative care
allocation of clinical resources
the ethics of medical research

The content of clinical ethics includes
specific issues such as (7)

clinical ethics

the study of the doctor-patient relationship, including such issues as honesty, competence, integrity, and respect for persons

Honesty
Competence
Integrity
Respect for Persons

clinical ethics the study of the doctor-patient relationship, including such issues as (4)