Speech Disorders: Quiz 1 Study Guide Key terms

Acquired: A condition or disorder that develops later in life, rather than being present from birth.

Aphasia: An acquired language disorder, often resulting from a neurological event like a stroke, affecting the ability to comprehend or express language.

ASHA: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the professional, scientific, and credentialing association for audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientists.

Bidialectalism: The ability to use two different dialects of the same language.

CCC (Certificate of Clinical Competence): A credential awarded by ASHA, signifying that an individual has met the highest standards of clinical practice in audiology or speech-language pathology.

Clinical Fellowship Year (CFY): A supervised professional experience required for ASHA certification, typically completed after a Master's degree.

Code-switching: The practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation, or between different styles of speaking.

Communication: An exchange of meaning between a sender and a receiver.

Congenital: A condition or disorder that is present from birth.

Developmental: A condition or disorder that originates at birth or a very young age and manifests as the individual grows.

Dialect: A particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group, characterized by differences in phonology, vocabulary, and grammar.

Disability: A reduced competence in meeting daily living needs, often stemming from an impairment.

Disfluency: Interruptions in the flow of speech, such as stuttering or cluttering.

Functional (disorder): A disorder for which there is no visible physical or organic pathology, but the symptoms are real to the individual.

Handicap: A disadvantage in fulfilling a role in life relative to a peer group, often a societal or environmental consequence of a disability.

Impairment: Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomic structure or function.

Idiomatic language: Expressions or phrases where the meaning cannot be deduced from the literal definitions of the words.

Organic (disorder): A disorder with a physical cause or observable pathology.

Person-first language: A type of linguistic prescription that aims to avoid perceived and subconscious dehumanization when discussing individuals with disabilities by placing the person before the diagnosis.

Phonemes: The smallest units of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another.

Phonological Awareness (PA): The ability to recognize and manipulate the sound structure of words, including rhyming, alliteration, and segmenting words into phonemes.

Pragmatics: The social use of language; how language is used in context to achieve communicative goals.

PRAXIS exam: A standardized test required for licensure and certification in various professions, including Speech-Language Pathology.

Sequential bilingual speaker: An individual who learns one language (L1) before acquiring a second language (L2).

Simultaneous bilingual speaker: An individual who learns two languages concurrently from a young age.

Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP): A professional who diagnoses and treats communication and swallowing disorders.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): An acquired brain injury resulting from an external force, which can impact language and communication abilities.

Van Riper, Charles: A prominent figure in the field of speech pathology, considered one of the founding fathers, particularly for his work on stuttering.

Voiced/Unvoiced: Refers to whether the vocal cords vibrate (voiced) or do not vibrate (unvoiced) during the production of a speech sound. (Vowels are always voiced and open).