Looking at Abnormality

Abnormality

people “having” a mental illness, which implies a biological process, and is not necessarily accurate for mental health disorders.

Cultural Norms

culture and context influence what is considered “normal” or “abnormal”

Cultural Relativism

there are no universal standards or rules for deciding which behaviors are abnormal, that is based on cultural norms

What is the purpose for the 4 D’s?

determine whether a behavior is abnormal

What are the 4 D’s

• Dysfunction

• Distress

• Deviance

• Dangerousness

Dysfunction

interference with daily functioning

Distress

emotional or physical pain

Deviance

behaviors that go against cultural norms

Dangerousness

harm to self or others

Mental Hygiene Movement

more humane treatment for people who have mental health issues

Moral Treatment

humane living conditions

• needs grew too quickly and we couldn’t keep up with the demand

What did Dorothea Dix do?

• improved the treatment of mental health patients

• helped fund the cleanup of mental health hospitals

• more training for mental health professionals

• established more than 30 mental health institutions

Ivan Pavlov created?

Classical conditioning

Classical Conditioning

a neutral stimulus is associated with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response

• used it to study human behaviors related to phobias

Skinner created?

Operant conditioning

Operant Conditioning

shaping of behaviors by providing rewards for desired behaviors and providing punishments for undesired behaviors

Thorndike created?

Law of effect (part of OC)

Law of Effect

behaviors followed by reward are strengthened, behaviors followed by punishment are weakened

Cognitions

thought processes — attention, beliefs, etc.

• influence behaviors and emotions

Bandura created?

social learning theory

Social Learning Theory

people learn behaviors by watching other people

• kids watching their parents

Ellis created?

REBT

• Rational-emotive behavior therapy

Rational-Emotive Behavior Theory

required therapists to challenge their patients irrational beliefs system

Beck created?

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive Therapy

changing irrational thoughts to rational ones

Deinstitutionalization

providing mental health care outside of institutions so individuals are integrated into the community

Patient’s Rights Movement

integration into community leads to higher success rates

Community Mental Health Movement

provision of coordinated mental health services within the community of mental health centers

• Halfway houses were for people who needed long-term treatment

• Day treatment centers were for people to get treatment during the day but go home at night

What are the benefits and downfalls of managed care?

Benefits: there was coordination of care

Downfalls: lack of insurance for mental health care because companies don’t know how therapy works

Affordable Care Act

• passed in 2010

• requires insurance to cover mental health and substance abuse treatment