APT Test 1

What was the most important story to the Greeks?

Homer’s Illiad

Why didn’t the Greeks believe Socrates?

He was ugly

What were the three movements of Greek interaction with Barbarians?

1. Homer (everyone knew Homer, and it gave them something to strive for)

2. Herodotus (2nd Persian/Greek War Underdog story of history)

3. Thucydides (Athens vs. Sparta, Peloponnesian War)

Fun facts about Plato

1. Started the Academy

2. It was the first school

   1. Took liberties w/ the events of Socrates’ life

Fun facts about Aristotle

1. Studied with Plato from the age of 18-34

2. Didn’t get the keys to the Academy from Plato

3. He moved home and started a private practice

   1. Eventually went back to Athens and started a school

Why does Socrates explain himself to Crito in such detail?

1. Desire to teach him

2. Friendship

3. Consistencyand integrity in his beliefs.

What is the underlying theme of the talk about justice?

The threat of violence

How is Cephalus wise?

Practically, not rhetorically

What are the three types of good

1. Inherently good

2. Consequentially good

3. Inherently and consequentially good

Thumos

spiritedness

3 parts of the soul

1. Theoretical/rational

2. Desiring/appetite

   1. Thumos/spirited

What does book 6 explore?

the tension caused by a philosopher’s goals being different than the goals of a city

What argument does Socrates make about the evils of a city and their relationship with a philosopher king?

The only way to cure the evils of a city is to put a philosopher in charge

What does the image of a ship teach us?

1. Philosophy is held in poor regard

   1. Danger is people who pretend to know what they’re doing

Is a sophist a leader or a follower?

A sophist is a follower from the front

Main points of the Euthyphro

In Euthyphro, Socrates questions Euthyphro to define piety but they fail to reach a clear answer, highlighting the limitations of using examples for definitions.

Main points of Crito

In Crito, Socrates rejects Crito’s plea to escape prison, prioritizing justice over saving his life, and ultimately faces his death sentence.

Main points of the Apology

Socrates defends himself against accusations, claiming his actions were divinely inspired to expose the lack of wisdom in Athens, particularly among its leaders.

Republic 1.1

Socrates attends a festival, engages in a conversation about justice with the son of a wise man, and is later confronted by someone who challenges their discussion.

Republic 1.2

Socrates debates with Thrasymachus about whether being just or unjust is more advantageous, ultimately convincing him that justice is better and more beneficial.

Republic 2.1

Glaucon challenges Socrates to provide a stronger defense of justice by presenting a compelling argument for injustice but still remains committed to justice despite the persuasive case for injustice.

Republic 2.2

Socrates, Glaucon, and Adeimantus discuss justice on a larger scale by designing an ideal city, aiming to first understand justice in society before applying it to individuals. They also address censorship, proposing laws to protect youth from corrupting stories about the gods.

Republic 3

Socrates argues for strict censorship of poetry and art to protect the future guardians of the city, emphasizing the importance of emotional toughness and proper education. He also discusses the training and lifestyle of the rulers, the rejection of sexual relationships between men and boys, and the role of physical and liberal arts education for the guardians.

Republic 4.1

Socrates and the brothers identify wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice in the city, ultimately concluding that justice is the proper minding of one's own business, primarily found in the guardians.

Republic 4.2

Socrates connects the structure of the city to the individual soul, defining justice as having a rightly ordered and healthy soul, with different parts serving distinct functions.

Republic 5.1

Socrates and his companions discuss the idea of shared women and children among the guardians, the existence of four societal evils, and whether men and women require different practices. They also touch on the need for strong marriages to maintain the guardian bloodline and the happiness of the guardians.

Republic 5.2

Socrates discusses the idea of philosopher-kings, presenting arguments for why guardians would want to live under this system and defining what a philosopher is, circling back to the importance of knowledge in the ideal city.

Republic 6.1

Socrates discusses with Glaucon and Adeimantus what makes a good philosopher and why philosophers should be rulers. Socrates explains that many philosophers are corrupted by their families and why "the many" are not capable of being good rulers.

Republic 6.2

Socrates continues discussing the Philosopher-King with Glaucon, emphasizing the importance of understanding the true form of the good. He uses the analogies of the sun and a segmented line to explain the true form of good, and addresses misconceptions about it.