Hums Exam Year 9, Semester 1

nathan k all day

What is a Tropical Rainforest biome like?

High biodiversity, warm temperatures, abundant rainfall year-round.

What is a Temperate Forest biome like?

Four distinct seasons, moderate rainfall, deciduous trees (shed leaves in autumn).

What is a Desert biome like?

Very low precipitation, extreme temperature swings (day/night), specialised plant/animal adaptations to arid conditions.

What is a Tundra biome like?

Cold, treeless, short growing season, permafrost (permanently frozen ground) beneath the surface.

What is a Taiga (Boreal Forest) biome like?

Largest terrestrial biome, dominated by coniferous (evergreen) trees, long, cold winters.

What is a Grassland biome like?

Dominated by grasses, few trees, enough rain for grass but dry enough for frequent fires (e.g., prairies, savannas).

What is a Savanna biome like?

Type of tropical grassland with scattered trees, seasonal rainfall.

What is the difference between an aquatic and a terrestrial biome?

Aquatic biomes are water-based (oceans, rivers, lakes). Terrestrial biomes are land-based (forests, deserts, grasslands).

What is Permafrost and which biome has it?

Permanently frozen ground. Found in the Tundra biome.

Define Food Security.

When all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

Define Food Insecurity.

When people do not have consistent access to enough healthy food, often due to factors like poverty, conflict, or natural disasters.

How are people and places interconnected?

They are linked together and influence each other through trade, travel, communication, shared ideas, and environmental impacts (e.g., buying products made overseas connects you to that place).

Give an example of a SPIRITUAL reason people connect with a place.

A place holds deep religious or sacred meaning, often linked to beliefs, ceremonies, or ancestral stories (e.g., Uluru for the Anangu people, a church/mosque/temple for worshippers).

Give an example of a CULTURAL reason people connect with a place.

A place is important due to shared traditions, heritage, or identity (e.g., Uluru for Aboriginal people).

Give an example of an ECONOMIC reason people connect with a place.

A place provides jobs, resources, or financial opportunities (e.g., working in a mining town or a city's financial district).

Give an example of a HISTORICAL reason people connect with a place.

A place is significant because of past events that occurred there (e.g., visiting a historical battlefield or an old town with important buildings).

What are some environmental impacts of manufacturing?

Pollution (air, water, soil), depletion of natural resources, generation of waste, habitat destruction from factories.

What is the Product Lifecycle?

The journey of a product from its creation to its disposal, including stages like raw material extraction, manufacturing, transport, usage, and disposal.

List the typical stages of the Product Lifecycle.

Raw Materials Extraction, Manufacturing, Transport, Usage, Disposal.

What does 'P' stand for in PQE and what does it mean?

Pattern: Describe the main overall trend or distribution you see in the data.

What does 'Q' stand for in PQE and what does it mean?

Quantity: Use specific numbers, amounts, percentages, or figures from the data to support your pattern.

What does 'E' stand for in PQE and what does it mean?

Exception: Point out anything that doesn't fit the general pattern or stands out as unusual.

How does global digital interconnectedness work (e.g., internet access)?

Digital technologies like the internet, mobile phones, and social media connect people globally for instant communication, information sharing, online commerce, and cultural exchange.

What does 'S' stand for in SHEEPT analysis?

Social: How do people, culture, beliefs, or lifestyle affect/are affected by the issue?

What does 'H' stand for in SHEEPT analysis?

Historical: What past events or trends have influenced the issue?

What does 'E' (first) stand for in SHEEPT analysis?

Economic: How do money, jobs, trade, or resources play a role in the issue?

What does 'E' (second) stand for in SHEEPT analysis?

Environmental: What are the impacts on nature, climate, land, or water related to the issue?

What does 'P' stand for in SHEEPT analysis?

Political: How do governments, laws, power, or decision-making affect the issue?

What does 'T' stand for in SHEEPT analysis?

Technological: How do inventions, tools, or digital advancements influence the issue?

Define democracy

A system of government where the people have the power, usually by voting for representatives to make laws and govern on their behalf.

Name two key features of a democratic system

Voting/Elections; Rule of Law; Rights and Freedoms; Fairness/Equality; Participation. (Choose any two).

What is a core value of the Australian Labor Party (ALP)?

Often focuses on social justice, workers' rights, fairness, and supporting the less fortunate.

What is a core value of the Liberal Party of Australia?

Often focuses on individual freedom, business, lower taxes, and less government involvement.

What is a core value of The Greens political party?

Strongly focused on environmental protection, social justice, and human rights.

Define the democratic principle of 'Majority Rule'

The decision of the most votes wins; the preference of the larger group is adopted.

Define the democratic principle of 'Minority Rights'

Even though the majority rules, the fundamental rights and freedoms of smaller groups (minorities) must be protected and respected.

Define the democratic principle of 'Separation of Powers'

Government power is split into different branches (e.g., parliament makes laws, courts interpret them) to prevent any one group from having too much power.

Define the democratic principle of 'Accountability'

Leaders are responsible for their actions and decisions, and can be held to account by the public or other branches of government.

Define the democratic principle of 'Transparency'

Government actions and decisions should be open, clear, and visible to the public, allowing citizens to understand how decisions are made.

What is a main responsibility of the Australian Federal Government?

National issues like defence, immigration, national security, currency, or Medicare.

What is a main responsibility of the Australian State Government (e.g., Victoria)?

State-specific issues like schools, hospitals, public transport (trains/trams), policing, or state roads.

What is a main responsibility of the Australian Local Government (Local Council)?

Local community services like rubbish collection, parks and gardens, local roads, libraries, or planning permits.