Lecture Notes Review for BIOL 101

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and questions generated from the lecture notes for BIOL 101, focusing on the topics of cell biology, diabetes, and antibiotic research.

What is a prokaryotic cell's structure that can be a target for antibiotics?

Cell wall, ribosomes, or DNA.

What analogy is used to describe dysfunctional insulin-producing cells?

They are compared to factories that cannot produce their goods efficiently.

What causes type 1 diabetes in terms of insulin production?

The beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed, leading to no insulin production.

What happens to glucose in the body without insulin?

Glucose cannot enter the cells, leading to high blood sugar levels.

What are the signs of hyperglycemia?

Unquenchable thirst, frequent urination, blurry vision, and weight loss.

What occurs in type II diabetes regarding insulin levels?

Insulin is present but may not be effective due to insulin receptor issues.

How can one differentiate between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia?

Hyperglycemia is high blood sugar, while hypoglycemia is low blood sugar with different symptoms.

What are the roles of insulin in glucose management?

Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells and regulates blood sugar levels.

What is a key goal in antibiotic research?

To find compounds that kill bacteria but do not harm animal cells.

How does damage to protein synthesis affect cell function?

It can lead to a backlog of proteins that are not processed correctly, disrupting normal cell function.