AP World VOcab 1450-1750: Asian, Ottoman, Russian Empires

Anatolia

the Asian part of modern day Turkey (Asia Minor)

Banners

administrative divisions that all Manchu families were placed that evolved into a military organization (established by the Qing empire)

boyars

a Russian aristocratic rank below the ruling princes until its abolition by Peter the Great

caliph/caliphate

the secular leader of the Islamic community; the area under the influence and control of the caliph

daimyo

prominent Japanese families who provided allegiance to the shogun in exchange for protection

devshirme

in the Ottoman Empire, a system of training talented children to be administrators of the sultan's court and army

dyarchy

a system under the Qing in which all administrative positions were shared equally by Chinese and Manchus

dynasty

a sequence of rulers from the same family

egalitarian

believing in the equality of all people; social equality

elite

a group that has superior intellectual, social, or economic status in society

eta

in feudal Japan, a class of hereditary slaves who did degrading occupations

filial piety

a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors (especially to the eldest male of household)

grand vizier

the chief executive officer under the sultan in the Ottoman Empire

hegemony

strong influence exercised by one nation over others

imam

an Islamic religious leader

Janissary

an elite core of 8,000 troops that were loyal to the Ottoman sultan

jizya

the poll tax paid by non-Muslim religious groups within the Muslim empire

Kabuki

a form of Japanese theater developed in the 17th century

kowtow

a Chinese custom to touch the forehead to the ground while kneeling, as an act of worship, reverence, apology, etc.

pashas

an administrative official of the Ottoman Empire, responsible for collecting taxes and maintaining order in the provinces

purdah

the practice among Muslims and some Hindus of isolating and preventing women from associating with men outside the home

queue

a braid of hair at the back of the head

shah

the title for the hereditary monarch of Iran

Shi'ite/Shi'a

the division of Islam that regards Ali, the son-in-law of Muhammad, as the legitimate successor of Muhammad

shogun/shogunate

powerful Japanese military leader who rules leaving the emperor to rule only as a figure head

Sino

Latin word referring to China

sultan/sultanate

a title used by Muslim rulers in the Ottoman Empire

Sunni/Sunnite

the division of Islam that regards the first four caliphs as legitimate successors of Muhammad

tributary system/tribute

a rent, tax, or something valuable paid by a person, group, or state to a ruler

tsar (sometimes czar)

the title of the rulers of Russia before 1917

zamindars

Indian tax collectors, who were assigned land and were allowed to keep part of the revenue