chemistry chapter 3 test (part one studying)

What is an Element

It's a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down (with chemicals) into simpler substances. They are the building blocks of matter and can be either natural or synthesis

What is an atom

The smallest unit of an element. It retains its properties and chemical behavior. It is made up of subatomic particles but those do not have element properties.

How many elements are known

There are 118 elements that are known, 88 of those naturally occurring.

What color is solid, liquid, and gas for the Periodic Table on the back

Black is solid, blue is liquid, and red is gas. Bromine and Mercury are liquids, and the other red colors are gas

According to Table 3.1...

Ten elements make up 99% of mass of Earth's crust, seawater, and atmosphere.

What are the Top 5 elements in Table 3.1

Oxygen (49.2), Silicon (25.7), Aluminum (7.5), Iron (4.7), Calcium (3.4)

Oxygen accounts for about ______ of the ________

20%; atmosphere

Where is oxygen found

In nearly all rocks, sand, and soil

Most widespread elements according to Table 3.2...

Oxygen (65%), Carbon (18%), and Hydrogen (10%)

What are some examples of elements in the body but in small amounts?

Chromium, Copper

Many elements are derived from...

Greek, Latin, or German (The name describes the property of the element)

Example of an element derived from early languages

Iodine (Greek word Iodes meaning "violetlike" and is violet colored as a vapor)

How is the symbol of an element written?

First letter capital second letter lowercase (usually)

How many elements have single letter symbols?

14 elements

Example of an element and its symbol

Sodium; Na

Give an example of why capitalization in element symbols are important

Cobalt ----> Co

CO represents Carbon Monoxide

Who designed the Periodic Table?

Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869

How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table?

Based on their properties; elements with similar chemical properties are in groups

How many groups have special names

4

How many periods and families are there?

7 Periods; 18 families

Name the families

1) Alkali Earth Metals

2) Alkaline Earth Metals

3 - 12) Transition Metals

14) Aluminum family

15) Nitrogen family

16) Oxygen family

17) Halogens

18) Noble gases

______ tall columns are _______ elements (AKA...)

8; representative; main group elements

What are elements in the center called?

Transition metals

The periodic table is split into...

Metals, metalloids, non-metals

Name the metalloids

Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Astatine

Elements tend to be ______ and _______ with other _______ to form compounds

reactive; combine; elements

What are the noble metals?

You can find these in the pure form of nature (rare). The noble metals are gold, silver, platinum, and copper

What is air

A mixture of diatomic elements. It's composed mainly of Nitrogen and oxygen. Example: O2, N2, etc.

How many diatomic molecules are there?

7

What state is found in nature?

The diatomic state, NOT the atomic state

What is S8 and P4

Rhombic sulfur and white Phosphorus