316-2020

What is a croptype?

Aggregation of stands with uniform silviculture, yield, costs, revenues.

Advantages of croptypes?

Simplifies planning, less yield data, smaller models, quicker analysis, big-picture focus.

Disadvantages of croptypes?

Loss of detail, assumes same yield for all stands in a croptype.

How does variable resolution croptyping help?

Keeps older stands unique, aggregates younger ones, balances detail and strategy.

What log price factor affects pruning decisions?

Pruned vs unpruned log price differential.

What is breakeven analysis in pruning decisions?

Find pruned log price where LEV of pruned = unpruned regime, compare to actual differential.

How to judge robustness of pruning decision?

Analyse historical pruned log differentials vs breakeven price.

Advantages of simulation?

Simple, user-specified strategies, includes judgement, shows outcomes.

Disadvantages of simulation?

Trial and error, limited alternatives, may miss better strategies.

Advantages of optimisation?

Formulated as LP, best strategy found quickly, explicit objectives, easy what-if analysis.

Disadvantages of optimisation?

Combinatorial complexity, infeasible models, over-reliance on inputs/assumptions.

Optimisation advantage example?

Directly finds optimal rotation age instead of trial-and-error simulation.

Optimisation disadvantage example?

Acts as if world ends at planning horizon; needs boundary conditioning to avoid unrealistic harvest.

What are decision variables in tactical harvest planning?

Area of each stand to harvest each year.

Objective function in tactical planning?

Maximise NPV.

Constraints in tactical planning?

Cashflow, market, equipment, access, transport, density, environmental.

How are environmental constraints applied?

Catchment harvest % limits, adjacency constraints.

How is yield info derived for tactical planning?

Pre-harvest inventory + growth model.

Link between tactical and long-term planning?

Long-term sets harvest volumes, tactical chooses specific stands.

Link between tactical and SOP model?

SOP sets short-term demand/finance, tactical allocates stands.

What does 'sales drive cut-plans' mean?

Choose cut-plans to meet immediate customer orders.

How is weekly production planning done?

Crew input + estimates, tally vs orders, adjust cut-plans.

What does 'best cut-plans drive sales' mean?

Run unconstrained analysis for next quarter, inform sales team of optimal cut-plans.

What are 6 purposes of forest valuation?

Sales/purchase, financial reporting, compensation, property division, equity transfer, loan collateral.

What are key determinants of forest value?

Species, age, distance, productivity, silviculture, terrain, infrastructure, contracts, strategy.

How does DCF incorporate determinants?

They influence size/timing of costs and revenues in cashflows, affecting NPV.

What is a Kyoto plantation?

Post-1989 forest on non-forest land as at Dec 1989.

How were Kyoto plantations distributed by age in 2007?

Narrow, young.

What were Kyoto plantation benefits?

Carbon sink until ~2020, helped NZ meet CP1 obligations.

What were Kyoto plantation liabilities?

Narrow structure → carbon source after 2020, major liability.

What approach avoids liabilities under Paris Accord?

Averaging carbon accounting.

Ethics valuation error: what should you do?

Inform client of 10% overstatement, correct error, uphold ethics and transparency.

How much area and volume harvested 2019–2020?

200 ha, 58,850 m³.

Was 2020 growing stock >124,650 m³? Why?

No, harvest exceeded growth.

Was 2020 ENF volume >33,950 m³? Why?

No, harvest exceeded ENF volume.

Using area control, how much to harvest annually?

100 ha/year.

How long to reach normal forest (10-yr rotation)?

About 9–10 years.

What is LRSY with 1000 ha, 356 m³/ha, 10-yr rotation?

35,600 m³/year.

Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation factors (Herzberg)?

Intrinsic: recognition/responsibility → motivation. Extrinsic: pay/conditions → prevent dissatisfaction.

Give examples of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Intrinsic: crew recognition. Extrinsic: fair wages, safe work.

What are 2 attributes of good communication?

Clarity and active listening.

Example of formal crew communication?

Safety briefing.

What 2 types of power can a manager use?

Organisational (positional authority) and personal (expertise/trust).

What are 2 aspects in Eisenhower Matrix?

Urgency and importance.

What leadership behaviours enhance teamwork?

Encourage collaboration, recognise contributions.

Why does coaching style improve task achievement?

Develops skills, motivates individuals.

What are 2 main org configurations and effects on communication?

Functional: clear authority but siloed comms. Matrix: flexible but risk of confusion.

How might staff react in first 2 Kubler-Ross change stages?

Denial and anger. Leader should support, communicate, involve team.