Parasitology Exam 2 quizlet

What phylum is Balantidium coli in?

Ciliphora (ciliates)

What is Balantidium's natural host?

Swine

What are the Balantidium coli's characteristics?

Macronucleus (kidney bean shaped), large size, covered in cili, and cytosome

What plasmodium causes 50% of malarial cases in the US?

P. falciparum

What is the prodromal phase?

Liver invasion

What is involved in a paroxysm?

The release of endotoxins and merozoites

How often does the Tertian cyclic fever occur?

Every other day

(Every second day)

Which plasmodium exhibit the tertian cyclic fevers?

Vivax, falciparum, and Ovale.

Which plasmodium has the quartan cyclic fever?

P. malariae

P. falciparum Cyclic fever & day periodicity

Tertian and every other day. 1 and 3 or referred as every second day.

P. falciparum

Reproductive Cycle (hours)

Irregular, 36-48

P. falciparum

Merozoites Range

12-36 range

P. falciparum

Contain Schuffner dots/Ziemann dots/None

None, only two chromatin dots

P. vivax

Cyclic fever & day periodicity

Tertian and every other day. 1 and 3 or referred as every second day.

P. vivax

Reproductive Cycle (hours)

48

P. vivax

Merozoites Range

12-24

P. vivax

Contain Schuffner dots/Ziemann dots/None

Schuffner dots

P. malariae

Cyclic fever & day periodicity

Quartan, and every third day, 1 and 4.

P. malariae

Reproductive Cycle (hours)

72

P. malariae

Merozoites Range

6-12 with with daisy petal like-arrangement around clumped pigment

P. malariae

Contain Schuffner dots/Ziemann dots/None

Ziemann's dots

P. ovale

Cyclic fever & day periodicity

Tertian and every other day. 1 and 3 or referred as every second day.

P. ovale

Reproductive Cycle (hours)

48

P. ovale

Merozoites Range

6-16

P. ovale

Contain Schuffner dots/Ziemann dots/None

None, but it has Schuffer stipling

What can lead to spleen rupture?

malaria

Which plasmodium species can lead to complications of hypoxia and why that happens>?

Falciparum, Parasite-infected RBCs become sticky that cause blood flow to slow down.

Which patients exhibit Blackwater fever?

P. falciparum

Which hosts are involved in the life cycle of Plasmodium species?

Mosquitoes definitive host

Human intermediate host

What happens when a mosquito bites a human?

the human acquires gametes from the bite.

Where does the ookinete completes its development?

the stomach wall of the mosquito.

While the ookinete is in the mosquito it develops into what?

oocyts

What stage does a human become infected with malaria?

sporozoites

Where do sporozoites travel to in the mosquito?

salivary glands

After a mosquito infects a human each sporozoites will penetrate?

a liver cell

Cryptozoites are produced, and merozoites release and infect

RBCs

The human blood stage is the stage of the parasite that is responsible for the

clinical manifestation of the disease (malaria)

Schizont with merozoites form in

infected RBCs

Rupture of the schizont, each

merozoite enters a new RBC and forms microgametocytes and macrogametocytes

What is the immature stage of plasmodium called?

ring form

Sporogony

sexual reproductive stage

Schizogony

Asexual phase that occurs in the human host

Which plasmodium species contains Schuffner's dots

P. vivax and P. ovale

Macrogametocyte

female

Microgametocyte

male gametocyte

Which plasmodium species contains Ziemann dots?

P. malaria

Which plasmodium species are present in the RBCs and what percent of RBCs they infect?

P. falciparum, 20 to 50%

Which plasmodium species causes enlarged RBCs

Ovale and Vivax

Define zoonotic parasite

Can infect cattle, other animals, and humans

How is Babesia microti transmitted?

Ixodes scapularis (deer ticks)

Details regarding Toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasma gondii

Felines are only known host

fecal oral route-Ingestion of oocysts through contaminated food, water, soil, or cat litter. Ingestion of undercooked infected meat (rabbit, sheep, pigs, etc.).

Can cause serous problems for the fetus because in can cross the placenta.

Are adults generally affected by Toxoplasmosis?

No, usually asymptomatic

When do women need to be cautious with Toxoplasmosis?

When cleaning litter box, gardening, and sandboxes

Laboratory Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

Encysted tachyzoites in many tissues of the body

• Biopsy materials

Details regarding Cryptosporidium parvum.

Often confused with yeasts because of small size(4to6um)

Zoonotic, optimistic pathogen

Life threating to Immunocompromised patients

Zoonotic pathogen that can infect the water supply

What stain is used to identify Cryptosporidium, Isospora, and Cyclospora?

Modified acid fast stain.

What is Sheather's sugar flotation used for?

to increase the yield of Cryptosporidium

What are the characteristics of Cyclospora cayetanesis including host and auto fluorescence of oocyst?

Humans are only known host, oocyst will Auto-fluoresce bright green at 450-nm excitation filter