practical 1 biol 319

Multinucleated cell that secretes acid and proteases to dissolve bone matrix

Define: Osteoclast

Stem cell that gives way to osteoblasts

Define: Osteoprogenitor Cell

Derived from osteoprogentior cells; secretes organic components of bone matrix; can give way to osteocyte

Define: Osteoblast

Derived from osteoblasts; involved in bone maintenance

Define: Osteocyte

The study of tissues

Define: Histology

Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

Nervous

What are the four main tissue types?

Lining and covering organs and their internal passageways

Where are epithelial tissues located?

The side of the epithelium that is exposed to the external environment/internal cavity

Define: Free surface (wrt epithelium)

True

T/F: Epithelia are avascular

Basal Lamina

Epithelia are attached to the body via _.

Connective

Located below a basal lamina is a layer of __ tissue.

Diffusion, absorption, and secretion

Main function of simple epithelia

Cilia or microvilli

Simple epithelia generally have or _ on the free surface.

Secrete mucus that coat free surface of simple epithelial cells

Main function of goblet cells

Sweep mucus to remove debris

Main funtion of microvilli of simple epithelial cells

Increase surface area for absorption

Main function of cilia of simple epithelial cells

Areas exposed to friction/abrasion

Where are stratified epithelia cells found?

The type of cell at the free surface

When a stratified epithelium has more than one type of cell ___ determines the classification of the tissue.

Glandular

epithelia IS vascularized.

Any gland within the body

Glandular epithelial cells make up .

Nourishment (exposure to vascular structures)

What determines an epithelial cell's ability to regenerate?

Single layer of flat cells

Sparse cytoplasm

Central, disk-shaped nucleus

Physical description of simple squamous epithelium

Allow for diffusion

Filtration

Secrete lube in serosae

Function of simple squamous epithelium

Kidney glomeruli

Air sack of lungs

Blood and lymphatic vessels

Lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

Location of simple squamous epithelium

Serous membranes that line ventral body cavity and its organs

Location of mesothelium

Single layer of cube shaped cells

Large, spherical, central nuclei

Physical description of simple cuboidal epithelium

Secretion and absorption

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium

Kidney tubules

Ducts/secretory section of small glands

Ovary surface

Location of simple cuboidal epithelium

Single layer of tall cells

Round/oval nuclei

May posses cilia

May be located with goblet cells

Physical description of simple columnar epithelium

Absorption

Secrete mucus/enzymes/other

Propel mucus

Function of simple columnar epithelium

Digestive tract lining

Gallbladder

Excretory ducts of some glands

Small Bronchi

Uterine tubes

Location of simple columnar epithelium

Cuboidal or columnar

Metabolically active

What are the characteristic of the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium?

Secretion

Propel mucus

Function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

Glycoprotein and polysaccharide molecules

What are the main substituents of the ground substance of connective tissue?

Stationary cells

Secrete proteins

Join molecules to create collagen and elastic fibers

Define: Fibroblast

To ingest microbes and dead cells

What is the purpose of macrophages in connective tissue?

Release histamine when tissues become damadged

What is the purpose of mast cells?

Fat cells that contain vacoules for lipid storage

Define: Adipocyte

Open network of protein fibers

Thick syrupy ground substance

Define: Loose connective tissue

Collagen and elastic fibers

What types of fibers are found in dense connective tissue?

Dense regular and dense irregular

What are the two types of dense connective tissue?

Dense regular tissue has fibers that are arranged in parallel bands

Dense irregular fibers are randomly interwoven

What are the main differences between dense regular and dense irregular?

Blood and lymph

What are the two types of fluid connective tissues?

Bone and cartilage

What are the two types of supporting connective tissue?

Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate salt crystalized on collagen fibers

What comprises hydroxyapatite?

Perchondrium

What produces chondrocytes?

Secrete ground substance of cartilage matrix

Function of chondroblast

Membrane the surrounds all supporting connective tissue in cartilage

Define: Perichondrium

Chondrocyte

When a chondroblast become enclosed in a lacunae, what is it called?

Maintain mature collagen tissue

Purpose of chondrocytes

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

Three types of cartilage

Areolar

Adipose

Reticular

Three types of loose connective tissue

Regular

Irregular

Elastic

Three types of dense connective tissue

Compact

Spongy

Two types of bone

Wrap/cushion organs

Hold/convey tissue fluid

Indirectly involved in immunity/inflammation

Function of areolar tissue

Areolar tissue

Adipose tissue

Provide reserve food fuel

Insulate

Support and protect organs

Function of adipose tissue

Reticular Tissue

Soft internal skeleton to support other cells

Function of reticular tissue

Attach muscle to bone