Ap Comp Gov Unit 3 - Political Culture and Participation

Civil Society

Organized life outside of the state

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

Nonprofit groups that provide charitable services or promote social causes

Political Culture

Deeply held, shared attributes of a group of people about their government

Political Ideology

Beliefs of a group of people about how government should run

Neoliberalism

Belief in limited government intervention in the economy and society

Socialism

Belief in the reduction of income disparities and the nationalization of major private industries

Populism

Committed to the rights of the common people over that of the elites

Political Socialization

The process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions

Individualism

Belief in individual civil liberties and freedom over governmental restrictions

Communism

Belief in the reduction of income. All property is publicly owned, economic production is coordinate for the common good, and a radical degree of equality has been achieved

Fascism

Extreme nationalistic ideology that favors authoritarian rule and the rights of the ethnic majority over that of ethnic minorities and the political opposition

Welfare State

A set of public policies designed to provide for citizens' needs through direct or indirect provision of pensions, health care, unemployment insurance, and assistance to the poor

Post-materialism

Transformation of individual values from materialist, physical, and economic to new individual values of autonomy and self-expression

Referenda

Process by which people vote directly on a bill

Informal Participation

Citizens ability to participate in government such as protests and political criticism

Great Firewall (C)

The combination of legislative actions and technologies enforced by the People's Republic of China to regulate the Internet domestically

Transparency

Decisions taken and their enforcement are done in a manner that follows rules and regulations. It also means that information is freely available and directly accessible to those who will be affected by such decisions and their enforcement

Social Cleavage

Division based on ethnicity, race, religion, class, or territory

Political Cleavage

Division based on different ideas about the role of government and policy-making goals

Coinciding Cleavage

A division that strengthens feelings of difference and discrepancy, weakening society

Cross-cutting Cleavage

Conflict on one issue but cooperate on another

Separatist Movement

Refers to the social movements for a particular group of people to separate from the dominant political institution under which they suffer