Police in Society Exam 1

The United States has a republican form of government known as federalism, which means that:

Powers are exercised by national, state, and local governments.

Under our form of government, the executive branch is responsible for:

Law enforcement

Criminal laws are concerned with 

The relationship between an individual and the government

The laws that govern how the police go about enforcing the laws are known as:

Procedural laws

The written rulings of state and federal courts are known as what?

Case Law

How many public police agencies exist in the United States?

Almost 18,000

The majority of law enforcement agencies in America are:

Local

This type of police work emphasizes police-initiated activities by the individual officer and the department.

Proactive police work

Which of the following is considered a goal of the police? 

All of the above are considered goals of the police: Reduce crime and victimization, Use of force and authority fairly, efficiently, and effectively, Reduce fear and enhance personal security

The police department of San Antonio is an example of what type of agency?

Public Police Agency

This group of citizens patrolled at night looking for fires and other problems. 

Nightwatch

Who formed the Bow Street Runners?

Henry Feilding

Who is generally credited with establishing the first police department in London England? 

Sir Robert Peel

Why was the 1920s to the 1960s probably the most significant period in the development of policing in the United States? 

The foundation for professionalism in law enforcement was established.

According to advocates of the reform model, what is the primary purpose of the police? 

Crime-Fighting

The history of policing in the United States focuses mostly on the northern territories, which overlooks what areas of historical importance? 

The South and the Western Frontier

Which of the following is true of policing during the political era?

1.A geographically decentralized organizational structure, 2. Close and personal relationship to citizens, 3. The police derived their authority from powerful local politicians. 

The FBI falls under the purview of the:

Department of Justice

The program that provides an annual compilation of all crimes reported to local police is called the:

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

What federal agency is responsible for investigating counterfeiting?

U.S Secret Service

The 4th Amendment covers issues regarding ___________.

Search and seizure

An arrest must be based on _____________.

Probable cause

A warrant is ______________.

A sworn affidavit

Consensual encounters, investigative detentions, and arrests are three types of _______________.

Police-citizen encounters.

The exclusionary rule holds that ______________________.

Evidence obtained by the government in violation of the 4th Amendment's guarantees against unreasonable search and seizures is not admissible in criminal prosecution to demonstrate guilt. 

This is the landmark case for stop and frisk:

Terry v. Ohio

The plain-view doctrine holds that _____________.

Seized objects must be immediately apparent as evidence or contraband

Which Amendment protects against self-incrimination?

5th Amendment

Which landmark case established a "brightline rule" to govern custodial interrogations?

Miranda v. Arizona

Which of the following types of police questioning are excluded from the Miranda Warning requirements?

1.Questioning at the scene of a crime, 2.Questioning of individuals in the fact-finding process before they are suspects. 3.Questioning that is part of an investigatory stop.