Studied by 4 people
artifacts
The material manifestation of culture, including tools, housing, systems of land use, clothing, etc. “What a culture uses”
cultural relativism
the idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than be judged through the eyes of another culture
custom
something that a group of people does repeatedly that becomes part of their culture
folk culture
the cultural traditions that are generally held by a specific ethnic group, often localized in a specific area
ethnocentrism
judging people or traditions based on your own cultural standards; belief in the superiority of one’s culture
mentifacts
the central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs, including language, religion, folklore, and etc. “What a culture believes”
sense of place
a strong feeling of identity that is deeply felt by inhabitants and visitors of a location
sequent occupancy
the idea that the current cultural landscape is a combination of all the societies who lived there previously and the changes each group made
sociofacts
the institutions and links between individuals and group that unite a culture, including family structure and political, educational and religious institutions. “What a culture does”
taboo
something that is forbidden by a culture or a religion, sometimes so forbidden that it is often not even discussed
cultural landscape
modifications to the environment by humans including the built environment that reflect aspects of their culture; human imprint on the environment
enclaves (ethnic neighborhoods)
clusters of specific cultures within a dominant region
cultural appropriation
concept which views the adoption or use of elements of one culture by members of another as a largely negative phenomenon
commodification
the process through which something is given monetary value
popular culture
is dynamic, many people can participate, wide distribution, diffuses very rapidly
architecture
the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings
gender
the cultural differences in how men are treated differently than women
indigenous people
the original settlers of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled the area more recently
secularism
a philosophy that interprets life on principles taken solely from the material world, without recourse to religion
creole language
a language that began as a combination of two other languages and is spoken as the primary language of a group of people
dialect
different forms of the same language used by groups that have some different vocabulary and pronunciations
lingua franca
a language that groups of people who don’t speak the same language use to communicate often for trade or business
pidgin language
no native speakers; a simplified form of speech that comes from one or more existing languages
cultural convergence
when two cultures become more similar because of frequent interactions
cultural divergence
when a culture splits into different cultures because of lack of interaction
indigenous language
a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous people
extinct language
a language that is no longer spoken by anyone as their native language
branch
a major division within a religion
caste system
a rigid set of social classes that provides privileges for the higher classes and limits on the lower classes - a person is born into it and only changes upon reincarnation
diaspora
the scattering of people from their homeland (especially Jews from the Holy Land)
ethnic religion
a religion that is focused on a single ethnic group (often in a centralized area) that doesn’t attempt to appeal to all people
language family
a collection of languages that are all descended from an original, proto-language
pilgrimage
a journey to a location that has religious significance
universalizing religion
a religion that attempts to appeal to all people and has a worldwide focus as opposed to a regional focus
isogloss
a boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate
Kurgan Warrior Theory
language diffusion through conquest
Anatolian Farmer Theory
language diffusion through agriculture
Note
Flashcard