Jose Rizal and the 19th Century Context

Practice flashcards covering the components of the Rizal Law, definitions of heroism, and the socio-political context of the 19th-century Philippines.

Protacio

A name in Rizal's full name derived from his father.

Rizal

Derived from the word "Racial" which means green field.

Mercado

A name in Rizal's full name that means market.

Alonzo Realonda

A name in Rizal's full name taken from his mother's maiden name.

Republic Act No. 1425

Also known as the Rizal Law, it mandates that courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges, and universities.

Senator Claro M. Recto

The author of the Rizal Bill who believed in instilling heroism among the youth.

Senator Jose P. Laurel, Sr.

The person who sponsored the Rizal Bill in the Senate.

Bell Trade Act of 1947 and the 1955 Laurel-Langley Agreement

Examples of laws implemented by the American government that prompted a need to remind Filipinos to love and protect their country.

Fr. Jesus Cavanna

A critic of the Rizal Bill who argued that Rizal's novels belonged to the past and presented a false picture of the country's conditions.

Sen. Decoroso Rosales

A notable person who tried to block the approval of the Rizal Bill; he was the brother of Archbishop (Cardinal) Rosales.

Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo

The president of Catholic Action of the Philippines who opposed the Rizal Bill.

Sen. Mariono Cenco

A notable person who tried to block the approval of the Rizal Bill; he was the brother of Archbishop Cuenco.

Ramon Magsaysay

The President who signed the Rizal Law into effect on June 12, 1956.

Fidel Ramos

The President who issued Presidential Memorandum Order 247 on Dec. 26, 1994, directing the full implementation of R.A. 1425.

CHED Memorandum Order 6

Issued on February 15, 1996, ordering all colleges and universities to offer Rizal courses as a separate three-unit course.

Hero (National Historical Institute definition)

An admirable leader towering over his peers, serving a noble cause, possessing exceptional talent, and exercising determinative influence over the people's spiritual life.

Age of Enlightenment

A 19th-century era characterized by ideas of freedom, liberty, equality, and the belief in the sovereignty of the people.

American Civil War

A conflict lasting from 1861 to 1865 triggered by President Abraham Lincoln's emancipation of black slaves.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A book by Harriet Beecher Stowe published in 1852 that served as the bible of the American war.

Liberal Ideology (19th Century)

Beliefs centered on individual freedom, no government interference, laissez-faire, and the view that individuals are rational and prudent.

Conservative Ideology (19th Century)

Beliefs centered on social order, governmental action/restrictions, and the view that social welfare is the primary interest.

Frailocracy

The rule of the friars; refers to the tremendous political power, influence, and wealth acquired by Spanish religious orders in the Philippines.

GOMBURZA

The three Catholic Filipino friars: Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jaconto Zamora.

Secular Clergy

Priests who took care of secular people daily in churches and celebrated rites like baptism and weddings.

Regular Clergy

Monks or nuns who lived secluded in monasteries and abbeys, followed the specific rules of their order, and focused on study and prayer.

Secularization Movement

A 16th-century mandate under the Council of Trent to turn over parishes to secular priests, led by figures like Fathers Pedro Pelaez and the GOMBURZA.

Encomienda System

Derived from the Spanish word "encomendar" (to entrust), where Spaniards were given native communities to provide protection and education in exchange for labor and tribute.

Galleon Trade

Trade carried in Spanish ships called Manila galleons that crossed the Pacific between Manila and other ports.

Educational Decree of 1863

A decree that established teacher training, government supervision of schools, Spanish as the medium of instruction, and primary schools in major towns.

3R’s

The limited curriculum during the Spanish time consisting of Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic.

Diego Silan (Silang)

An individual described as the most obstinate who led an uprising to establish a more equable social order and end the semi-slavery of the kailanes.

Apolinario de la Cruz (Hermano Pule)

The founder of the Confradia de san Jose who was refused entry to the Dominican priesthood because of his race.