Surveying and Geomatics Flashcards

Flashcards about the history, principles, and tools used in surveying and geomatics, based on lecture notes.

Surveying

The science, art, and technology of determining the relative positions of points above, on, or beneath the Earth’s surface, or of establishing such points.

Geomatics

Term used interchangeably with Surveying, involving measuring, collecting, processing, and disseminating information about the physical earth and environment.

Applications of Surveying

Measuring and marking boundaries of property ownership, creating maps, and establishing accurate line and grade for construction.

Abilities of a Surveyor

Determine, measure, and represent land, interpret geographically related information, use information for planning and administration, and conduct related research.

Modern Surveying Tools

Electronic instruments (Total Station), satellite technologies (GPS, GNSS), aerial digital imaging, and laser scanning systems (LiDAR).

Evolution of Geomatics

Evolved due to the expansion of geographic information systems (GIS) and emerging demands for high quality data collection and processing.

History of Surveying in Egypt (1400 B.C.)

Used for dividing land for taxation purposes and re-establishing boundaries after the Nile River floods.

Dioptra

One of the first pieces of surveying equipment recorded, used to measure angles or altitudes.

Groma

Ancient surveying tool that helped in the precise surveying of straight lines and right angles.

Eratosthenes

Greek astronomer who computed Earth's dimensions around 200 B.C. using observations from Syene and Alexandria.

U.S. Coast Survey (National Geodetic Survey)

Established in 1807 to perform hydrographic surveys, prepare nautical charts, and establish reference monuments.

Traditional Surveying Equipment

Transit, theodolite, dumpy level, and steel tape, used until the 1960s-1970s.

Geodetic Surveying

Type of surveying where the curved surface of the earth is considered.

Plane Surveying

Type of surveying where the reference base is assumed to be a flat horizontal surface.

Importance of Surveying

Mapping the earth, preparing navigational charts, establishing property boundaries, and aiding in managing our environment.