Avian 208 CSN

feathers are used for ___, ___, ___

flight, insulation, attracting

Primary feathers are the ___ and ___

remiges, retritces

Secondary feathers are those originating from the ___ and ___

ulna, radius

___ feathers are those that shape the body

contour

down feathers produce ___ down

power

Areas where feathers are called ___ and areas where there aren’t feathers are called ___

pterylae, apterylae

The main shaft of a feather is the ___

rachis

___ are attached to the rachis, and ___ are attached to those at a 45 degree angle. these structures are used to stick the feather together

barbs, babules

blood or pin feathers are feathers that still have a ___ in them for nutrition

vessel

An avian’s skin is very thin only being ___-___ cells thick

2-4

A bird’s feet has ___ instead of feathers

scales

The web wing in a bird is refered to as the ___

patagium

The two glands of the bird is called the ___, found at the base of the tail feathers, and ___, which is absent in most birds

uropygial, ear

the uropygial gland may also be referred to as the ___ gland

preen

Bird instead of purple will bruise ___. Which is due to the lack of ___

green, bilirubin

A bird can have ___-___ cervical vertebrae

8-25

The ___ is a projection found along the sternum and is where the pectoral muscles attach to

keel

The ___ is the fusion of the first thoracic vertebrae

notarium

The synsacrum is the fusion of the ___ ___, ___, ___ and ___ vertebrae

caudal thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal

The pygostyle is the fusion of the ___ vertebrae for ___ muscle attachment

caudal, tail

The pectoral girdle consists for the ___ bone, ___, ___

coracoid, furcula, scapula

The hind limb consists of the ___,___, ___, and ___

femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus, phalanges

the femur and the humerus are ___ bones that can used for anesthesia

pneumatic

Birds have a ___ chambered heart and lack a ___

4, diaphragm

Avian’s heart when compared to a mammals is _-__ larger

1.5-2x

birds don’t have ___ nodes

lymph

In birds the ___ jugular vein is 2-3x larger than the other

right

The phlebotomy sites for avians consists of: ___ ___, ___ ___, ___ ___

right jugular, cutaneous ulnar, medial metatarsals

Blood from the caudal half of the bird’s body will pass through the ___ ___ system

renal portal

Drug administration of birds should be placed in the ___ muscles

pectorals

Avians have both ___ and ___ nephrons

mamillian, reptillian

Avians have a ___ optic nerve and a ___ olfactory nerve

large, small

The eye constitutes about ___% of body weight in a bird

15

A bird’s iris is made of ___ ___ muscles, and ___ is ineffective at dilating the eye

voluntary striated, atropine

The third eyelid in a bird originates from the ______ direction

craniodorsal

___ the black protrusion from the retina which supplies nutrient to the retina

pecten

Birds so not have a ___ and their retina is ___

tapetum, avascular

___ is the area which surrounds the nostrils

cere

The ___ is the keratinized flap inside the nostril

operculum

Birds have a ___ sinus, and a large ___

infraorbital, trachea

birds have ___ tracheal rings meaning an ___ ET tube must be used

complete, uncuffed

Birds have a structure called the ___ that function as the voice box they can still vocalize when intubated

syrinx

The lungs of a bird are ___ and are found along the ___ of the ___ of the coelomic cavity

stationary, spine, anterior

The crop is where ___ is stored and it has regular ___ contraction

food, peristaltic

Chickens have two stomachs the ___ and ___

proventriculus, ventriculus

the cecum and the gall bladder is ___ on variable

avian

The cloaca is a common opening for the ___, ___, ___ system

gastrointestinal, reproductive, urinary

The ___ receives feces from the rectum/ GI system

coprodeum

The ___ receives urine and urates from the ureters

urodeum

the ___ is just before the vent and contains the reproductive organs

proctodeum

Avians’ testicles are located ___ and have a variable ___

intracelomic, phallus

Female birds only have a functional ___ ovary

left

In order to create an egg, the ovum travels into the ___, then into the ___ which creates the egg whites, then into the ___ surronding the whites with a shell membrane then into the ___ white creates the hard shell. It then sits in the ___ waiting to be released

magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina

birds can be sexed either through ___ sexing or___ sexing

surgical, blood

Female birds have the gametes ___ ___

ZWa

Male birds have the gametes ___ ___

ZZ

Birds hald about ___ the blood glucose of mammals

double

birds have ___ as their main white blood cells

heterophils

Avian RBCs are ___ unlike mammals

nucleated

Avian RBC lifespan is about ___ days and can have about 8% ___ normally

38, polychromasia

Birds when coming into the clinic should be in a ___ to prevent accidents

cage

Any changes in ___ like the rate, consistency, and color

droppings

If a bird is egg bound it can be

felt