NBCOT exam prep: PAMs (physical agent modalities)

hot pack

increase circulation, reduces stiffness, and pain

burns, fainting, bleeding, pregnancy

what are some precautions for hot pack?

DVT( deep vain thrombosis), impaired circulation/sensation/skin disease

what are some contraindications for hot packs?

Cryotherapy (cold and ice packs)

used on swelling and reduce edema

treats pain management, anti-inflammation, edema control, decreased muscle guarding/spams, and spasticity management

damaged skin, impaired sensation, infections, may cause impact on nerves

what are some precautions for cryotherapy?

• impaired cognition

• circulatory impairments

• open wounds

• active DVT

what are some contraindications for cryotherapy?

contrast bath

limb immersed in warm water and then in cold water or ice water

decrease edema and increase blood flow

what does a contrast bath do?

SHOULD NOT be done on acute injuries ( must wait 48 hours after), peripheral. vascular disease, impaired sensation, bleeding, acute inflammation. KEEP TEMPERATURE BELOW 102 degrees.

what are some contraindications to a contrast bath?

• Clean wounds

• Increase blood flow + ROM at the same time

what does a whirlpool bath do?

limb fractures, plantar fasciitis, and smith's fracture

what. does a whirlpool bath treat

• burns

• fainting

• bleeding

• pregnancy

what are some precautions to whirlpool bath?

DVT, impaired sensation/circulation, skin disease

what what are some contraindications to a whirlpool bath?

• Decrease hypersentiivty

• Relieve pain

• Reduce stiffness

• Increase tissue extensibility

what does fluidotherapy do?

arthritis, chronic tendonitis, trigger finger, post-fracture management, and Raynaud's syndrome

what are some conditions fluidotherapy can treat?

DVT, impaired sensation, skin disease

what are some contraindications of fluidotherapy?

increase circulation and decrease pain

what does a paraffin bath do?

• Contractures

• Arthritis

• Healed burns

• Pain management

what does a paraffin bath treat?

DVT, impaired circulation/sensation, skin disease

paraffin bath contraindications?

Ultrasound

sound waves with high frequency causing deep heating to increase blood flow

ultrasound

treats increase extensibility of collagen fibers in tendons and joints capsules, reduce spasms, and pain relief

• pacemaker

• impaired sensation

• bleeding disorder

• over the spinal column/bony areas

• implants/tumors and infections

what are some contraindication of ultrasound?

Phonophoresis

ultrasound waves delivering medicated under the skin to relieve pain and decrease edema

pacemakers, pregnancy, DVT, tumors, infection, active bleeding, and epiphyseal growth plates

what are some contraindications of phonophoresis?

diathermy

high frequency electric current to provide deep heat to tissue to treat arthritis, back pain,

• burns

• broken skin

• pacemaker

• bone pins/metal devices

what are some contraindication of diathermy

transcutaenous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

stimulated nerves ending to block pain receptors to treat chronic pain syndrome, spinal radiculpothy, low back pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy

DVT, impaired cognition, local electronic device/radiated tissue damage, skin impaired sensation

what are some contraindications of TENS?

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)

facilitates muscle contraction and promotes normal muscle movement to treat conditions such as muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, muscle spasm

pregnancy, pacemaker, TB, bleeding, obesity, impaired sensation

what are some contraindications of Neuromuscular Electrical stimulation (NMES)

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)

same as NMES but provides shorter pulse frequency to treat diagnosis such as stroke, TBY,SCI (about T12) CP, MS, PD, spastic paraparesis

implanted electrical devices, PVD, DO NOT use with Guillian-Barre Sy syndrome, motor neuron disease, and SCI about T6

what are some contraindications of FES