Lecture Notes Flashcards: Porifera, Animalia, Green Algae, Amoebas, and Slime Molds

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Porifera, Animalia, green algae groups, amoebas, and slime molds as presented in the lecture notes.

Porifera

Phylum of simple, sessile animals (sponges); about 8,000 species; mostly marine; filter-feeders with intracellular digestion; asymmetric and lack a nervous system.

Sponges

Common name for Porifera; primitive multicellular animals that filter water to feed.

Sessile

Anchored in one place; immobile.

Filter-feeding

Feeding by straining suspended particles from water.

Intracellular digestion

Digestion occurring inside individual cells rather than in a digestive cavity.

Asymmetry

Lack of a definite symmetry in body plan.

Nervous system absent

Porifera do not have a true nervous system.

Calcarea

Calcareous sponges; a class with calcium carbonate spicules.

Hexactinellid

Glass sponges; have six-rayed silica spicules.

Demosponges

Largest class of sponges; typically silica spicules or spongin.

Homoscleromorpha

A subgroup of sponges recently separated taxonomically from other Demospongae.

Mesohyl

Gelatinous matrix inside a sponge that houses various cells.

Choanocytes

Flagellated cells that create water flow and line the choanoderm.

Choanoderm

Inner sponge layer lined by choanocytes.

Collencytes

Cells in sponges that secrete collagen fibers.

Laphocytes

Cells in sponges involved in secretory processes (laphocytes).

Spongocytes

Cells that secrete collagen fibers in sponges.

Collagen fibers

Protein fibers secreted by sponge cells providing structural support.

Parazoa

Subkingdom that includes Porifera; lacks true tissues.

Placozoa

Simple, flat, early-diverging multicellular animal lineage; placed with Parazoa in some classifications.

Metazoa

True animals; multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes; first fossils ~600 million years ago; derived from colonial flagellated protozoans.

Protostome

Development where the mouth forms from the first opening (mouth develops before anus).

Deuterostome

Development where the anus forms from the first opening (mouth forms later).

Blastula

Early hollow ball of cells formed during embryogenesis.

Gastrula

Embryonic stage resulting from gastrulation, establishing germ layers.

Cleavage

Early mitotic divisions of the zygote, occurring without growth of the embryo.

Eucoelomate

Animals with a true coelom derived from mesoderm.

Pseudocoelomate

Animals with a body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm, not fully lined by mesoderm.

Acoelomate

Animals with no true body cavity.

Animalia

Kingdom of multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes; lack cell walls; cells organized into tissues and organs; capable of movement.

Chlorophyta

Green algae; along with Streptophyta; many species photosynthesize; cell walls often cellulose.

Streptophyta

Green algae lineage that includes land plants; closely related to higher plants.

Autotrophic

Organisms that synthesize their own organic compounds, often via photosynthesis.

Microsporidia

Intracellular, spore-forming parasites; once viewed as fungi; reclassified as a division of fungi.

Spore

Reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without sexual reproduction.

Rhodophyta

Red algae; about 7,000 species; large and small forms; diverse habitats.

Amoebas

Protozoans with pseudopods; ~200 species; mostly free-living, some parasitic.

Entamoeba histolytica

Parasitic amoeba that can cause amoebic dysentery in humans.

Slime Molds

Multicellular protists in Amoebozoa; include plasmodial and cellular slime molds.

Myxogastria

Plasmodial (acellular) slime molds; one major slime mold group.

Dictyosteliida

Cellular slime molds; social amoebae forming fruiting bodies.

Protostelida

A group of slime molds that produce simple stalked fruiting bodies.

Amoebozoa

Major eukaryotic supergroup including amoeboid organisms and slime molds.