Comprehensive Study Guide on Megacities, Urbanisation, and Migration

Question 1: What is a megacity?

Answer: A megacity is an urban area with a population greater than 10 million people.

Question 2: What are the world's largest cities?

Answer: Guangzhou, China, and Jakarta, Indonesia, are among the world's largest urban areas. Guangzhou and China are among the largest by urban area population, while Jakarta and Indonesia are among the largest by metropolitan population.

Question 3: What areas of the world will have the most megacities in the future?

Answer: Asia will have the largest total size of megacities, while Africa will have the fastest growth rate.

Question 4: What is urbanisation?

Answer: Urbanisation is the movement of people from rural areas to towns and cities. The word comes from the Latin word urb, meaning "city", and the suffix -isation means the process of becoming, making or making like.

Question 5: What are the push factors for leaving rural areas?

Answer: Poverty, land degradation, natural disasters, conflict, water shortages, food shortages, lack of facilities and services such as education and healthcare, and lack of social and cultural opportunities.

Question 6: What are the pull factors of living in a city?

Answer: Potential employment, a variety of opportunities, better services, medical facilities, education, entertainment, greater wealth, better quality of life, higher living standards, more vibrant places and a variety of lifestyles.

Question 7: What is a developed country?

Answer: A developed country, industrialised country, or more economically developed country (MEDC), is a country that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure.

Question 8: What is a less developed country?

Answer: A less economically developed country (LEDC), or developing country, is one that does not have a lot of industrial activity and where people have low incomes.

Question 9: What are the advantages of urbanisation?

Answer: More jobs, higher pay, business growth, better healthcare, more schools, easy travel such as public transport, fun activities such as parks and museums, and less land used.

Question 10: What are stakeholders?

Answer: Stakeholders are the people or groups who are affected by something or can influence what happens. Examples include local residents, business owners, councils and shoppers.

Question 11: What is GDP?

Answer: GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product. It measures how much a country's economy produces. A high GDP means the country is wealthy, while a low GDP means the country is poor.

Question 12: What is correlation?

Answer: Correlation is when two variables are related, so that when one changes, the other tends to change too.

Question 13: What are the disadvantages of urbanisation?

Answer: Traffic congestion, overcrowding, waste and litter, air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, light pollution, housing shortages, high cost of living and crime.

Question 14: What is urban sprawl?

Answer: Urban sprawl is when a city spreads out over a larger area as more houses, roads and businesses are built on the outskirts.

Question 15: Where do most people live in Australia?

Answer: Most people live on the east coast, particularly between Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne, in the south-east corner, Adelaide, Perth and Tasmania, particularly Hobart. Very little population is found across central Australia.

Question 16: Why do most Australians live near the coast?

Answer: Because the coast has a milder climate, reliable water, more jobs and better services.

Question 17: What factors influence where Australians settle?

Answer: Rainfall, climate, employment, transport, historical settlement, government investment, education and health services.

Question 18: Why does rainfall influence settlement?

Answer: Reliable rainfall provides water for farming, drinking and industry, making it easier for people to live there.

Question 19: What is the main reason Australia is highly urbanised today?

Answer: Historical settlement. Early European colonies were built on the coast and grew into Australia's largest cities.

Question 20: What is migration?

Answer: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, either within a country or between countries, usually to live there temporarily or permanently.

Question 21: What are push factors?

Answer: Push factors are things that encourage or force people to leave their home or country, such as war, poverty, unemployment, natural disasters or lack of opportunities.

Question 22: What are pull factors?

Answer: Pull factors are things that attract people to move to a new place, such as better jobs, education, safety, healthcare and a higher quality of life.

Question 23: What is the difference between immigration and emigration?

Answer: Immigration is when people move into a country to live there. Emigration is when people leave their country to live somewhere else.

Question 24: What are some major reasons people migrate?

Answer: Economic opportunities, education, family, safety, war or conflict, political reasons, natural disasters and better living conditions.

Question 25: Where do most international migrants to Australia come from?

Answer: Most international migrants to Australia come from countries in Asia and other parts of the world, with major migrant groups coming from countries such as India, China, the Philippines and the United Kingdom.

Question 26: What is the difference between international migration and internal migration?

Answer: International migration is when people move from one country to another. Internal migration is when people move within the same country, such as from one city or state to another.

Question 27: Why do many people move from rural areas to cities in China?

Answer: Many people move to cities to find better jobs and higher wages and to access better services such as education and healthcare.

Question 28: How has internal migration affected China?

Answer: Internal migration has helped China's economy grow by providing workers for industries in cities, but it has also caused overcrowding and increased pressure on housing and services.

Question 29: What effect has rural-to-urban migration had in China?

Answer: It has helped cities grow rapidly and improved economic growth, but it has also created inequalities between rural and urban areas.

Question 30: What are the three main parts of a US city?

Answer: Downtown (city centre), suburbs and exurbs, which are areas beyond the suburbs that are still connected to the city.

Question 31: How are Australia and the USA similar in terms of population distribution?

Answer: Both countries are highly urbanised and most people live in large cities along the east, west and south-east coasts.

Question 32: What are two benefits of migration to Australia?

Answer: Migration increases Australia's population and brings skills, workers, cultural diversity and economic growth.

Question 33: What is multiculturalism?

Answer: Multiculturalism means people from many different cultural, ethnic, religious and language backgrounds live together in Australia.

Question 34: What is a refugee?