Migration Exam Revision

Migrant

A person who moves from one country or region to another to settle there

Immigrant

A migrant who moves into a specific area

Refugee

A person who has fled their home country to another country due to a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons recognised by the law

Asylum Seeker

A person who has applied for recognition (or sought protection) as a refugee

Emigrant

A migrant who moves out of a specific area

Skilled migrant

A migrant granted preferential treatment for their skill/profession

White Australia Policy

Immigration Restriction Act 1901 - a policy that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia from 1901-1973 prioritising British immigration

Enforcing the White Australia Policy

Immigration was restricted through the use of a dictation test that was purposefully near impossible to pass - British migrants were exempt from completing this.

Pacific Island Labourers Act 1902

Aimed to regulate, restrict, and eventually prohibit the introduction of laborers from Pacific Islands

Reasons for the Immigration Restriction Act 1901

Racist beliefs about inferiority of non-white people and economic tensions (following Gold Rush) commonly about Asian migrants taking jobs or undercutting businesses

Populate or Perish

Policy followed by Australian government after WW2 to encourage European migrants to come to Australia to boost the population quickly.

Reasons for Populate or Perish

Expansion of Australia's industrial capacity, fear of the rise of communism/invasion, making Australia competitive with trade and production of goods

Arthur Calwell

the first Australian Immigration Minister, promoted the Populate or Perish policy opening it up to all European migrants (especially refugees) not just British

Australian responses to Populate or Perish

Anti-migrant sentiment throughout the nation due to job security concerns and racism

End of White Australia Policy

1973 Whitlam government officially renounced the policy, the new wave of migration under Populate or Perish cemented this before it officially ended

Vietnamese refugees

Following the Vietnam War, the Fraser government accepted 200,000 migrants from Asian countries during 1975-1982, including nearly 56,000 just from Vietnam.

Assimilation

The policy taken towards migrants arriving in Australia post-WWII which required migrants to gives up their own customs and attitudes and adopts those of the prevailing culture in Australia.

Multiculturalism

The policy taken towards migrants from the end of the White Australia Policy in 1973 to the present. This encourages minority groups to value and maintain their own cultural beliefs and traditions while respecting Australian laws and participating in the community.

Al Grassby

The immigration minister for Australia under the Whitlam government in 1972-1974, he is often considered the father Australian multiculturalism due to his support for widespread immigration to Australia