1.1 anatomical terminology

Retraction

posteromedial movement of scapula on thoracic wall, allowing shoulder to move posteriorly

Protraction

anterolateral movement of scapula on thoracic wall, allowing shoulder to move anteriorly

Pronation

rotation of hand & forearm so palm faces down/backwards.

Abduction

movement away from the body (abduction of the shoulder raises arms out to side of animal)

Adduction

movement towards midline (abduction of hips squeeze legs together)

Pronation

rotation of hand & forearm so palm faces down/backwards

Supination

rotation of forearm & hand so palms face up/forwards

Flexion

decrease angle between two body parts

Extension

increase angle between two body parts

Protraction

anterolateral movement of scapula on thoracic wall, allowing shoulder to move anteriorly (e.g

Retraction

posteromedial movement of scapula on thoracic wall, allowing should to move posteriorly (e.g