EXTRA FLASHCARDS NA AARALIN MO PARA MABUHAY

Agent

Host

Environment

Agent

Host

Environment

Epidemiologic Triangle

Endemic

Sporadic

Epidemic

Pandemic

Epidemiology

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Protozoa

Prions

Helminths

Agents (BVFPPH)

Causative Agent

Reservoir

Portal of Entry

Mode of Transmission

Portal of Exit

Susceptible Host

Chain of Infection

Inactivated

Not long lasting vaccine

Attenuated

Provides long lasting immunity

Universal precautions

A set of guidelines designed to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in healthcare settings by treating all blood and bodily fluids as potentially infectious.

Wash hands, wear gloves, wear protective clothing, wear mask, dispose properly, clean up spills, housekeeping, laundry, and do not recap

HHV3 or Varicella-Zoster Virus

Agent of Chicken Pox

11-21 days

Ip of chicken pox

5 days before and after

Period of communicability of chicken pox

Encephalitis

Earliest complication of chicken pox

Herpes Zoster Virus or Shingles

Late complication of chicken pox

Tszank smear

Diagnostic test used to identify viral infections from lesions

Calamine lotion

Oatmeal bath

Cornstarch bath

Antihistamine

Cut nails

Chicken pox management (COCAC)

Acyclovir

DOC for chicken pox

Rubeola

Measles, 1st Disease, English Disease, 7 day rash

Paramyxoviridae

Agent of Rubeola or Measles

7-14 days

IP of Rubeola

Just before the prodrome until 4 days after the rash appears

Period of communicability of Rubeola or measles

Koplik’s spots

pathognomonic sign for rubeola or measles

Catarrhal

Stimson’s line

Pre eruptive stage of measles

Rash

High grade fever

Anorexia and Irritability

Eruptive stage of measles

Fever – Tepid Sponge Bathing

Koplik Spots – Gentian violet, water and salt

Management for rubeola or measles

<1 yr – 100,000 IU

>1yr – 200,000 IU

Pregnant – 10,000 IU

Vitamin A

Bronchopneumonia

Complication of measles

reye syndrome

ASPIRIN may lead to ____________ which affects brain and liver

MMR

Prevention of measles

1st dose at 15 months

2nd dose at 12 years old

Togaviridae

Agent of Rubella

Transplacental Transmission

Rubella MOT involves

Droplet

Direct contact of respiratory secretions and?

2-3 days

Incubation period of Rubella

Mild coryza - inflammation of mucous membranes

Conjunctivitis - redness and inflammation of eye

Cervical lymphadenopathy

Rubella prodromal stage (MCC)

Forchheimer’s Spot

Pathognomonic of Rubella

1 to 5 days

Rash from rubella lasts for ______

Orchitis

testicle bumps during eruptive period of rubella

Congenital Rubella

IUGR - Intrauterine Growth Restriction

IUFD - Intrauterine Fetal Demise

Cleft palate

Cardiac Defects

Eye defects

Ear defects

Mental retardation

MMR: 2 doses

Rubella titer <1:8 – Not immune

Immune serum globulin within one week after exposure

Rubella prevention (MRI)

Sarcoptes scabiei

Agent of Scabies

4 to 6 weeks

IP of scabies

Linear burrow

Anaphylactic reaction

Acropustulosis

S/sx of scabies (LAA)

Permethrin

Kwell lotion

Crotamiton

Ivermectin (single dose)

Management for scabies

Permethrin

5% head to toe and left for 8-14hrs and reapplied a week later for scabies

Rhabdovirus

Agent of rabies

warm

All ____ blooded animals are susceptible to rabies

9 days to 7 years

IP of rabies

Flourescent Antibody Test

Diagnosis for rabies

Wash wound for 5 minutes

Observe the dog for 10 to 14 days

Do not rub garlic on wound

Management for rabies

Bayrab

Verorab

Rabipur

Imogam

Rabies immunoglobin

Imovax

Human Diploid Cell vaccine (HDCV)

IVF – cover

Sedation

Restraint

When symptoms are already present in rabies. What do you need to do?

Leprosy

Hansen’s disease

Mycobacterium leprae

Agent for leprosy

Lepromatous leprosy

Tuberculoid leprosy

Borderline leprosy

Distinct forms of leprosy

Lepromatous

Multibacillary

Lepromin (-)

Large amount of bacilli in skin lesion

24-30 months treatment

Rifampicin, Dapsone, Lamprene (Clofazimine)

Tuberculoid

Paucibacillary

Lepromin (+)

Organism rarely isolated on skin lesion

6-9 months treatment

Rifampicin, Dapsone

Slit skin smear

Diagnosis for leprosy

Gynecomastia

enlargement of chest in male

Madarosis

a condition that causes the loss of eyelashes and/or eyebrows

Lagophthalmos

prevents a person from fully closing their eyelids

Leonine facies

causes facial features to resemble a lion

BCG vaccine

Vaccine prevention used for leprosy

Clostridium tetani

Agent for tetanus or lockjaw

3 to 21 days

IP of tetanus

Tetanus

Where are these symptoms can be observed?

Opisthostonus - causes a person to arch their back and neck into a rigid

Trismus - limits the ability to open the mouth

Risus sardonicus - fixed smile

Wash wound

Antitetanus Serum (ATS)

Dilantin and Diazepam for spasms

Management for tetanus

Metronidazole

Penicillin (GABA Antagonist)

DOC for tetanus

Tetanus Toxoid: 5 doses

DPT

Prevention for tetanus

Bacteria or Fungi

Agent of meningitis

Increased ICP

Brudzinki’s Sign *occipital pain

Kernig’s Sign *knee extension

Photophobia

S/sx of meningitis

Lumbar tap

Diagnosis for meningitis

Cloudy

Yellowish

Decreased glucose

Increased protein

(+) gram stain

Bacterial meningitis

Clear

Normal glucose

(-) gram stain

Viral meningitis

pediatric meningitis

High pitched cry and bulging fontanelles

droplet precaution

It’s raining men (meningitis need ______________)

Penicillin G

Mannitol

Steroids – cerebral edema

DOC for meningitis (PMS)

Poliomyelitis

Infantile paralysis, Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)

Poliovirus 1,2,3

Legio Debilitans

Type I. Brunhilde

Type II. Lansing

Type III. Leon

Agents for Poliomyelitis

Poker Spine

destruction of anterior horn cells of spine caused by ankylosing spondylitis (AS)

Hoyne’s Sign or Tripod Sign

sign of meningeal irritation

Pandy’s Test

Diagnosis for Polio

0.20 to 0.45 g/liter

normal protein values through pandy’s test to identify polio

Physical Therapy

Enteric isolation

ROM exercises

Trochanter rolls and foot board are indicated

Management for polio

SALK

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

SABIN

Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)

Dengue fever

H Fever, Dandy’s Fever, Breakbone fever, Infectious Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Dengue virus 1,2,3,4

Arbovirus

Chikungunya virus

Agents of dengue

Aedes Egypti

mosquito vector of dengue

Grade 1

Dengue fever

Fever: 39 degrees Celsius

Abdominal Pain and vomiting

Petechial rash

Grade 2

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Bleeding

Grade 3

Circulatory collapse (due to dengue)

Grade 4

Shock, coma, and death (due to dengue)

Tourniquet test, Rumple-lead test, or Capillary fragility test

Presumptive dx of dengue (TRC)

CBC and platelet

Confirmatory diagnosis of dengue

150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood

Normal values of platelets

Malaria

Marsh Fever, Ague

Plasmodium

Agent of malaria

Anopheles mosquito

mosquito vector of malaria

Paroxysms with shaking chills

Rapid rising fever with severe headache

Profuse sweating

Myalgia

Splenomegaly

Hepatomegaly

S/sx of malaria (PRPMSH)

Malarial smear

used to diagnose malaria

Chemoprophylaxis: Chloroquine

DOC

Artemether

Quinine

Primaquine

Management for malaria

Wuchereria bancrofti

Agent for Filariasis