Ortho Cervical and Thoracic spine

Acute Cervical Sprain

Muscular strain of the cervical spine from sudden trauma, characterized by localized joint pain and muscle spasms.

Cervical Radiculopathy

Nerve root compression or inflammation causing neurologic symptoms in the upper extremities, often with pain radiating from the neck to the arm.

Spondylosis

Degenerative joint or disc disease causing wear and tear, common in those over age 60, with symptoms of axial pain.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS)

Compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian vessels, resulting in night pain and weakness in the upper extremities.

Kyphosis

Excessive thoracic spine convex curvature, often seen as a forward-leaning upper back, especially in postmenopausal women.

Scoliosis

Lateral curvature of the spine, causing asymmetry in shoulders and pelvis, with potential for back pain.

T4 Syndrome

Dysfunction of the T2-T7 region characterized by pain or paresthesia in a glove-like distribution.

Spurling’s Test

A special test used to provoke symptoms of radiculopathy in the cervical spine.

Red Flags for Cervical Spine Conditions

Neurological deficits, sudden dizziness, and signs of vascular insufficiency that warrant caution.

Normal Cervical Spine Flexion ROM

Normal range of motion for cervical spine flexion is 45 degrees.

Common Treatments for Acute Cervical Sprain

Includes gentle ROM exercises, deep neck flexor strengthening, and pain control methods.

Demographics for Cervical Radiculopathy

Rare under age 30, with peak incidence between ages 45-54.

Risk Factors for Spondylosis

Age, with 90% of individuals over age 60 showing degenerative changes.

Common Treatments for Kyphosis

Strengthening of scapular retractors and stretching of anterior shoulder muscles.

Common Treatments for Scoliosis (20-40°)

Bracing to prevent progression.

TOS Symptoms

Paresthesia and weakness in the upper extremities, often following the ulnar/median nerve path.

Cervical Spine Extension ROM

Normal range of motion for cervical spine extension is 45 degrees.

Signs of Myelopathy

Progressive neurological deficits that are a red flag for cervical conditions.

T4 Syndrome Treatment

Joint mobilization and graded exercise approaches.

Posture Assessment Observations

Assessment of cervical spine alignment, thoracic spine curvature, and scapular positioning.

Structures to Consider (Tight and Weak)

Tight: Pectoralis major/minor; Weak: Deep neck flexors, scapular retractors.