PECTORAL REGION ( ANATOMY )

What are the four muscles of the pectoral region?

Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Subclavius, Serratus anterior.

Which is the largest muscle of the pectoral region?

Pectoral major

Which is the smallest muscle of the pectoral region?

Subclavious muscle

Which muscle is known as the Boxer muscle?

Serratus anterior

What is the origin of the clavicular head of pectoralis major?

Anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle.

What structures form the sternocostal origin of pectoralis major?

Sternum, upper six costal cartilages, and aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.

Where does pectoralis major insert?

Lateral lip of the intertubercular (bicipital) groove of the humerus.

Which muscle inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula?

Pectoralis minor

Which muscle inserts into the medial border of the scapula?

Serratus anterior

From which ribs does pectoralis minor originate?

Anterior surfaces of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs.

From where does subclavius originate?

Junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage.

From where does serratus anterior originate?

External surfaces of the upper eight ribs.

Which muscle is supplied by both the medial and lateral pectoral nerves?

Pectoralis major.

Which muscle is mainly supplied by the medial pectoral nerve?

Pectoralis minor

Which muscle is supplied by the nerve to subclavius?

Subclavious

Which muscle is supplied by the long thoracic nerve?

Serratus anterior

Which nerve pierces pectoralis minor?

Medial pectoral nerve

Which nerve roots form the long thoracic nerve?

C5, C6, and C7.

What are the main actions of pectoralis major?

Flexion, adduction, medial rotation of the arm, extension from a flexed position, and accessory inspiration

Which head of pectoralis major mainly flexes the arm?

Clavicular head.

Which part of pectoralis major helps extend the arm from a flexed position?

Sternocostal head.

What are the main actions of pectoralis minor?

Stabilizes the scapula, protracts it, depresses it, and assists in forced inspiration.

What are the actions of subclavius?

Anchors, stabilizes, and depresses the clavicle.

Which muscle keeps the scapula against the thoracic wall?

Serratus anterior

Which muscle forms the anterior axillary fold?

Pectoralis major

Which artery mainly supplies pectoralis major?

Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery and the lateral thoracic artery.

Which arteries mainly supply serratus anterior?

Lateral thoracic and thoracodorsal arteries.

Which artery supplies subclavius?

Clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery.

Injury to which nerve causes winged scapula?

Long thoracic nerve

Paralysis of which muscle results in winged scapula?

Serratus anterior

What clinical test is used to detect winged scapula?

Wall push test (ask the patient to push against a wall).

Which muscle is commonly torn during heavy bench pressing?

Pectoralis major

Why is pectoralis minor an important anatomical landmark?

It divides the axillary artery into three parts.

Which muscle protects the subclavian vessels during clavicular fractures?

Subclavius

Which movement becomes difficult when serratus anterior is paralyzed?

Raising the arm above the head

Which muscle assists in powerful pushing movements such as pushing a heavy door?

Pectoralis major

Which pectoral muscle is located deep to pectoralis major and attaches to the coracoid process?

Pectoralis minor

What does the pectoral fascia enclose?

It encloses the pectoralis major muscle.

What does the pectoral fascia become inferiorly?

It continues inferiorly as the axillary fascia.

What is the clavipectoral fascia?

A sheet of deep fascia located deep to pectoralis major, associated with the subclavius and pectoralis minor.

Which two muscles are enclosed by the clavipectoral fascia?

Subclavius and pectoralis minor.

What is the main function of the clavipectoral fascia?

It supports and encloses the subclavius and pectoralis minor and provides a fascial framework for structures passing through the pectoral region.