APUSH Midterm:

The fate of the defeated Confederate leaders was that

after brief jail terms, all were pardoned in 1868

In the postwar South

the economy and social structure was utterly devastated

at the end of the Civil War, many white Southerners

still believed that their view of secession was correct and their cause was just

freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War

came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy

For blacks, emancipation meant all of the following except

that large numbers would move North

all of the following reveal the various ways Southern blacks responded to the prospect of emancipation except

some slaves claimed sections of Plantation land as their own

in 1865, Southern

blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity

the Freedmen's Bureau was established to do all the following except

relocate blacks West or force them into labor contracts with former Masters

the greatest achievements of the freedmen's Bureau were in

education

in President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was

a meddlesome agency that should be killed

Andrew Johnson had been put on Lincoln's ticket as vice president in his second term

to appeal to war Democrats and pro-union Southerners

the controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated

the Deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress

in his 10% plan for reconstruction, President Lincoln promised

rapid readmission of Southern States into the Union

a primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was

white resistance in the South to constitutional and federal legislative attempts to empower blacks politically and challenged white supremacy

the main purpose of the black codes was to

ensure a stable and subservient labor Supply

to many northerners, the black codes seemed to indicate that

the arrogant South was acting as if the North had not really won the Civil War

for Congressional Republicans, one of the most troubling aspects of the southern States quick restoration to the Union was that

With the black population fully counted, the South would be stronger than ever in National politics

the incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was

Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen’s Bureau

the first and only ex-confederate state to ratify the 14th Amendment in 1866 and thus be immediately readmitted to the Union under Congressional reconstruction was

tennessee

the 14th Amendment

prohibited ex-confederate leaders from holding public office

the root cause of the battle between Congress and President Andrew Johnson was

Johnson’s “soft” treatment of the White South

radical congressional reconstruction of the South finally ended when

the last federal troops were removed in 1877

many feminist leaders were deeply disappointed with the 14th and 15th amendments because they

gave equal rights to African-American males but not to women

Which of these is not a true statement about women's rights activists during the Civil War and Reconstruction eras?

women's rights activists campaigned in support of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments

blacks in the South relied on the Union League to

educate them on their Civic duties

the tremendously rapid growth of American cities in this post-civil war decades was

a trend that affected Europe as well

the major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the

availability of industrial jobs

the development of electric trolleys in the late 19th century transform the American city by

creating distinct districts devoted to residential neighborhoods, commerce, and Industry

one of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was

large department stores

american cities increasingly abandoned wooden construction for brick and Steel and their downtown districts after

the Great Chicago Fire of 1871

the new immigrants who came to the United States after 1880

were culturally different from previous immigrants

The two immigrant ethnic groups who were most harshly treated in the mid to late 19th century were the

Irish and Chinese

most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape

the poverty and backwardness of Southern Italy

a bird of passage was an immigrant who

came to America to work for a short time then return to Europe

most new immigrants

tried to preserve their old country culture in America

by the late 19th century, most of the old immigrant groups from Northern and Western Europe

were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods

in the new Urban environment, most liberal Protestants

Rejected biblical literalism and adapted religious ideas to modern culture

the Darwinian Theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by

creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and accommodationists who supported it

besides serving immigrants in the poor and urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley

actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws

the religious denomination that was most positively engaged with the new immigration was

Roman Catholics

Americans offered growing support for a free public education system

because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens

Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was

economic Independence and education

the success of the public schools is best evidenced by

the falling illiteracy rate to just over 10% by 1900

the morill act of 1862

granted public lands to states to support higher education

during the Industrial Revolution, life expectancy

measurably increased

american newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention by

printing Sensationalist stories of s3x and Scandal

The course of the late 19th century

Family size gradually declined

A 1900, advocates of women's suffrage

Argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world

The national American Woman suffrage Association

Limited its membership to whites

The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of

Middle class woman

much of the investment funds that enabled America to industrialize in the late nineteenth century came from

private foreign investors

the national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

land grants and loans.

the only transcontinental Railroad built without government aid was the

Great Northern

the greatest economic consequence of the transcontinental Railroad Network was that it

united the Nations into a single integrated National Market

the greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post Civil War years was

the railroad network

the United States changed to standard time zones when

the major rail lines decreed common fixed time so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks

agreements between railroad Corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

pools

in the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court held that state legislatures could not regulate railroads because

railroads were interstate businesses and could not be regulated by any single state

The first Federal Regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

Interstate Commerce Commission

among the countries that provided the largest amounts of foreign capital investment in American industry were

Britain, France, and the Netherlands

when Europeans owned or invested in private companies in the United States, they generally

let Americans manage the business unless there was an economic crisis

the single largest source of a critical raw material that field early American industrialization was the

mesabi iron range of Minnesota

the vast, integrated, Continental US market greatly enhanced American inclination toward

mass manufacturing of Standardized industrial products

the major incentive that drove captains of Industry to invent machines was

that machines would enable them to replace expensive skilled workers with cheap unskilled workers

two technological innovations that greatly expanded the Industrial employment of women in the late 19th century were the

typewriter and the telephone

match each entrepreneur below with the field of Enterprise which he was historically identified

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

Andrew Carnegie’s system of vertical integration

combined all facets of an industry, from raw material to final product, within a single company

John D. Rockefeller's organizational technique of horizontal integration involved

forcing small competitors to assign stock to Standard Oil or lose their business

the steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

Henry Bessemer

america's First billion dollar Corporation was

United States Steel

the “Gospel of Wealth” endorsed by Andrew Carnegie

held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility in the use of their god-given money

believers in the doctrine of “survival of the fittest,” like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, argued that

the wealthy deserve their riches because they had demonstrated greater abilities in the poor

the ___ amendment was especially helpful to John Corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments

14th

the Sherman Anti-Trust Act prohibited

Private Corporations are organizations from engaging in “combinations in restraint of trade”

during the age of industrialization, the South

Remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural

the largest Southern based monopolistic Corporation was the one founded by James Duke to produce

cigarettes

woman were drawn into industry by

Inventions like the typewriter and the telephone switchboard

reformers’ efforts to raise public awareness about the hazards of child labor

made progress with the help of Photography

one group, barred from membership in the Knights of Labor, was

“non producers” such as liquor dealers, professional gamblers, lawyers, Bankers, and stockbrokers

the most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-civil War period was the

American Federation of Labor

despite his status as military hero, General Ulysses S. Grant proved to be a weak political leader because

he had no political experience and was a poor judge of character

in the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant

owed his victory to the votes of former slaves

in the aftermath of the Civil War,

Waste, speculation, and corruption afflicted both business and government

in the late 19th century, those political candidates who campaigned by “waving the bloody shirt” were reminding voters

of the gory memories of the Civil War and the Republican party’s role in the Union's victory

the Crédit Mobilier scandal involved

railroad construction kickbacks

the Liberal Republican revolt from the regular Republican party in 1872 was motivated primarily by

disgust at the corruption and scandals of the Grant administration

a major cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was the

expansion of more factories, railroads, and mines than existing markets would bear

as a solution to the depression that followed the panic of 1873, debtors strongly advocated

inflation through issuance of far more greenback paper currency

1 result of Republican hard money policies in the mid 1870s party was

a political turn to the Democrats and new Greenback Labor party.

during the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans had

few significant policy differences

the presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s

aroused enormous turnouts among voters even though there were few significant issues

one reason for the extremely high voter turnout and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was

sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties

in the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that

"separate but equal" facilities were constitutional