A&P Cytology p2

what is the cytoplasm?

all cellular material located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

what is the cytoplasm composed of?

cytosol, inclusions, organelles

what is cytosol?

gel-like solution made up of water and soluble molecules

what are inclusions?

insoluble molecule, usually act as storage compartments

what are organelles?

metabolic machinery structures of cells, each with a specialized function

what organelles are membranous?

nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes

what organelles are non membranous?

ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles

what is the nucleus?

largest organelle, holds the genetic blueprints for synthesis of nearly all cellular proteins

what is the nuclear envelope?

double membrane barrier that encloses nucleoplasm, nuclear pores allow substances to pass in and out

what is the nucleolus?

dark-staining spherical body that is involved in rRNA synthesis

what is chromatin?

genetic material aka DNA

what is the mitochondria?

powerhouse of the cell, produces most of the ATP by aerobic cellular respiration

what is the ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum?

site of protein synthesis, studded with ribosomes creating a rough external surface

what is the SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum?

network of loop tubules continuous with rough er but lacks ribosomes

what does the golgi apparatus do?

modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids from the rough er

what are peroxisomes?

detoxifying substances that neutralize toxins