hematology

What is the most abundant component of blood?

plasma

What blood cells originate from a lymphoid stem cell lineage?

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells

What blood cells originate from a myeloid stem cell lineage?

RBCs, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Which two stem cell lineages arising from hemocytoblasts give rise to all blood cells?

Myeloid and lymphoid

How many oxygen molecules can one unbound hemoglobin molecule potentially transport?

4

What blood type does a patient have if their RBCs have B and D surface antigens?

B+

What blood type does a patient have if their RBCs have only D antigens?

O+

Universal doner

O-

Universal receiver

AB+

A person with type O- blood has which surface antigens on their RBCs?

None

Which blood type does a person have if their RBCs have surface antigens to A,B,&D?

AB +

Which anemias are microcytic?

Iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia

Which anemias are macrocytic?

Pernicious anemia, folate deficiency anemia

Which anemias are normocytic?

Aplastic anemia, sickle cell disease

What is microcytic

Small RBCs

What is macrocytic

Large RBCs

What is normocytic

Normal sized RBCs, but low in number or function

Which anemia is characterized by excess iron in the blood?

Thalassemia—due to fragile RBC destruction and iron overload.

What platelet disorder causes both excessive blood clot formation AND hemorrhaging?

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

What leukocytes are produced in the thymus

T cells

In lymphoma, how does the progression/spread of disease differ between HL and NHL?

Hodgkin Lymphoma spreads predictably from one lymph node to another and stays localized,

while Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma spreads unpredictably and can involve extranodal organs.

What kidney enzyme triggers erythropoiesis?

Erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production

Anemia incites faster, more turbulent blood flow that can damage heart valves and lead to stroke. What is this called?

Hyperdynamic circulation

What platelet disorder causes both excessive blood clot formation AND hemorrhaging?

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

In lymphoma, how does the progression/spread of disease differ between HL and NHL?

Hodgkin Lymphoma spreads predictably from one lymph node to another and stays localized,

while Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma spreads unpredictably and can involve extranodal organs.

What kidney enzyme triggers erythropoiesis?

Erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production

Which form of leukemia is most aggressive/has lowest survival rate?

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Which blood cell malignancies originate in bone marrow versus lymph nodes?

Bone marrow: AML, CML, ALL, CLL, Multiple Myeloma. Lymph nodes: Hodgkin Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Identify the specific hematopoietic processes by which RBCs, platelets, monocytes, lymphocytes, and all granulocytes originate.

RBCs: Erythropoiesis (myeloid, EPO).

Platelets: Thrombopoiesis (myeloid, TPO).

Monocytes: Leukopoiesis (myeloid, CSF).

Lymphocytes: Lymphopoiesis (lymphoid, IL-2, IL-7).

Granulocytes: Leukopoiesis (myeloid, CSF)

What is the difference between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin?

Oxyhemoglobin = oxygen-bound Hb (bright red);

Deoxyhemoglobin = oxygen-released Hb (dark red)

What stage of hemostasis is characterized by clot dissolution and fibrin degradation?

Fibrinolysis

What do vWF/collagen and tissue factor activate during the process of hemostasis?

vWF and collagen activate the intrinsic pathway; Tissue Factor activates the extrinsic pathway of

the coagulation cascade.

What oral symptoms would you expect to see in a patient with iron deficiency anemia?

pale mucosa, atrophic glossitis, burning mouth, angular cheilitis.

Which form of leukemia arises from myeloblasts, presents abruptly, progresses

aggressively, often involves the central nervous system, and has the lowest adult

survival rate?

Acute lymphocytic

What activates the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?

vWF and collagen

Which plasma protein plays a significant role in hemostasis/blood clotting?

Fibrinogen