ap bio unit 2 vocab

Cell Theory

• all living matter are composed of 1 or more cells

• the cell is the structure and functional unit of life (cells are the smallest unit of life)

• all cells are created from previous cells

Organelle

formed body in a cell with a specialized function

Nucleus

an organelle whose purpose is to keep DNA safe, contains genetic instructions to make proteins and new DNA (page 2 of notes)

ribosomes

organelle that creates proteins

Rough ER

an organelle that has ribosomes, used as a space for ribosomes to make proteins

smooth er

an organelle that has no ribosomes, used for lipid synthesis, carbohydrate storage, and detoxification of poisons

both smooth and rough er

Both provide intercellular transport through vesicles

Golgi Apparatus

an organelle that is used as the processing (checks for correct folding and chemical modifications of newly made proteins) and distribution (packaging of ER for transport to golgi vesicles) of the cell

Golgi vesicles

a part of the golgi apparatus that is a small sacs of membrane that, bud off the golgi body, transportation vehicle for the modified ER products

Lysosomes

an organelle that is used to to break down and degrade cellular material and decides if the material can be reused or trashed

Vacuoles in animal cells

an organelle that is used for storage and release in macromolecules and waste storage

Vacuoles in plant cells

an organelle that is used for water retention/ turgor pressure, can also store pigments

Food vacuoles

an organelle that stores newly ingested food until the lysosomes can digest it

Peroxisomes

an organelle that is used to break down or use up hydrogen peroxide

Mitochondria

an organelle that is the powerhouse of the cell

Cell wall

an organelle only in plant cells that is the plants exoskeleton for support and protection

prokaryotes

single celled organism

eukaryote

multi-celled organism