SOC final study guide 2

An awareness of the relationship between a person’s behavior and experience and the wider culture that shaped the person’s choices and perspective?

sociological imagination

What is sociological imagination?

an awareness of the relationship between a person’s behavior and experience and the wider culture that shaped the person’s choices and perceptions.

The theoretical perspective that is not macro level?

Symbolic interactionism

What is symbolic interactionist theory?

a sociological theory focusing on how individuals create meaning through social interaction, particularly through the use of symbols and language

Inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of a ceremony

degradation ceremony

What is a degradation ceremony

the process of transforming one's total identity to an identity that is lower in status and ejecting the individual from the group

The informal teaching done by schools, which prepares children for the adult world

Hidden curriculum

What is the hidden curriculum?

the unspoken, implicit lessons and norms that students learn within an educational setting, beyond the formally taught material

This theory was developed as an elaboration on Marxist principles

Critical theory

What is critical theory?

a philosophical approach to culture, and especially to literature, that seeks to confront the social, historical, and ideological forces and structures that produce and constrain it.

Defined as an experience of personal disorientation and frustration when confronted with all the differences of a new culture?

Culture shock

What is a culture shock

Defined as an experience of personal disorientation and frustration when confronted with all the differences of a new culture

Jack lived in Italy for a year as a student studying abroad.  However, after returning to the U.S., he decided that he felt more at home in Italy and considered their culture superior to the U.S. He was exhibiting: 

xenocentrism

What is xenocentrism

a belief or preference that other cultures or societies are superior to one's own

Lightbulbs and penicillin are examples of:

Inventions

What is an invention

a newly created or developed device, process, or idea that is original and useful

A definable region, which could mean a neighborhood or country

Community

What is a community

A definable region, which could mean a neighborhood or country

This theoretical perspective is associated with supporting the emphasis placed on the value of education in classrooms (books) 

Functionalism

What is functionalism

deviance is a key component of a functioning society

Reasons for this type of social mobility could include dropping out of school or getting a divorce

loss of income or status

What is downward mobility

a decline in an individual's or group's social standing, economic status, or occupational prestige

An economic condition in which a family or individual have 50% less income than the average median income

relative property

What is relative poverty

a state where individuals or households lack the resources needed to maintain a standard of living considered average or normal in their society

Designed to reduce the wage gap between men and women

What is The Equal Pay Act

Defined as recognition, respect, and admiration

What is prestige

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class 

What is class traits

A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms

What is deviance

When a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his/her actions are labeled as deviant

What is secondary deviance

This increased penalties, funded prisons, and incentivized law enforcement to pursue drug offenders

What is The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

Suggests that individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance

What is differential association

Punishment intended to make criminals pay
monetary compensation

What is restitution

Occurs when a societal system has developed with embedded disenfranchisement of a group

What is institutional discrimination

Singling out racial minorities for differential treatment

What is racial profiling?

A dominant group forces the subordinate group to leave a certain area or country

What is expulsion

The process by which a minority individual or group gives up its own identity by taking on the characteristics of the dominant culture

What is assimilation

Open-minded, tolerant, and accepting

What is unprejudiced non-discriminators

Coined the term positivism and is considered the Father of Sociology

Who is August Comte

Conducted research in hopes of assisting in the struggle of racial inequality and helped found the NAACP

Who is W.E.B. Du Bois

Studied the power elite and the influence they had over society 

Who is C. Wright Mills

The basis of sociology is a distinctive point of view called the sociological imagination.

Believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production

Who is Karl Marx

The first female sociologist and translated Comte’s writing from French to English

Who is Harriett Martineau Who is Harriett Martineau 

Jeanette, who is 74 years old, recently moved into a nursing home.  Accustomed to driving herself and having unlimited freedom, her socialization has changed.  She is likely experiencing…?

What is resocialization?