[CS] Importance of Renewable Energy - Nepal

What and where is Nepal?

A developing country in South Asia, between China and India

What is the main renewable sources of Nepal’s energy, and their energy consumption?

Energy source	Energy consumption
Biomass	64%
Fossil fuels	26%
Hydropower	7%

→ Over last 15 years, access to electricity increased to 88% of population

[Hydropower] Climate - How does Nepal’s climate support the generation of hydropower?

1. Nepal has an average annual rainfall during monsoon season is 1472mm

→ provides sufficient water flow & increases river discharge = consistent power generation

2. Hydropower plants can adapt to seasonal variability by adjusting water storage & release

→ provides power in drier conditions

3. Utilising own natural resources → helps limit reliance on neighbouring countries, such as India & China enhancing energy independence

[Biomass] Environment - How does biomass have a positive impact on the environment?

1. Harnessing organic waste (e.g. agricultural residues) is a more sustainable method of managing waste

→ reduces waste disposal issues (e.g. water pollution, landfills)

2. It is also an alternative to fossil fuels for cooking & heating that lowers CO₂ emissions by 52%

→ reduces the rate of climate change

[Fossil fuels] Cost - How does the cost of fossil fuels make it a less desirable source of energy?

1. For a 40 litre tank of diesel & gasoline, both are equivalent to 40% of Nepal’s average income

→ Increases economic burden & less affordable for low-income families & individuals

2. Cost of importing petroleum products (USD$2.19 billion) outweighs revenue from Nepals exports

→ Increases government spending, less money spent on upgrading services