Cellular Microorganisms Study Set

A comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering the characteristics, classification, and specific examples of cellular microorganisms including Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Living organisms composed of one or more cells are known as __________.

Cellular Microorganisms

General characteristics of cellular microorganisms include possessing a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material in the form of __________.

DNA

Prokaryotic organisms lack a true nucleus, and their DNA is found in the __________ region.

nucleoid

Both bacteria and archaea possess __________ ribosomes for protein synthesis.

$$70S$$

Methanogenic archaea produce methane during __________ metabolism and play an important role in the global carbon cycle.

anaerobic

Archaeal enzymes, known as __________, are valuable in biotechnology because they remain stable under extreme temperature, salinity, or acidity.

extremozymes

In humans, methanogenic archaea have been detected in the oral cavity, particularly in __________, where they may contribute to periodontal disease.

periodontal pockets

The archaeal group that requires very high salt concentrations for growth is called __________.

Extreme Halophiles

__________ is a thermoacidophile that grows in hot, acidic environments like volcanic hot springs.

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

A characteristic feature unique to bacteria is that their cell wall contains __________.

peptidoglycan

Bacteria usually possess a single circular chromosome, but many also contain extra-chromosomal DNA called __________.

plasmids

__________ is a beneficial bacterium found in the gut or vaginal microbiota that produces lactic acid.

Lactobacillus spp.

The causative agent of tuberculosis is the bacterium __________.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Prokaryotes reproduce primarily through a process called __________.

binary fission

Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotes and possess a true nucleus enclosed by a __________.

nuclear membrane

Eukaryotic ribosomes used for protein synthesis are usually __________.

$$80S$$

In eukaryotes, linear chromosomes are associated with __________ proteins.

histone

Unicellular fungi that reproduce primarily by budding or fission are called __________.

Yeasts

Multicellular filamentous fungi are composed of hyphae that collectively form a __________.

mycelium

The yeast species __________ causes oral candidiasis, also known as thrush.

Candida albicans

__________ are multicellular fungi that produce large, visible fruiting bodies like mushrooms.

Macrofungi

The protozoan __________ is the causative agent of malaria.

Plasmodium spp.

__________ are photosynthetic microorganisms found primarily in aquatic environments.

Algae

Unicellular heterotrophic microorganisms that are often motile are classified as __________.

Protozoa

The organism __________ is an Asgard archaeon that provides important insights into the evolutionary origin of eukaryotic cells.

Lokiarchaeota