Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking

Logic

A branch of philosophy that deals with the study of arguments and principles and methods of right reasoning.

Philosophy

The love of wisdom; involves critical habits and eternal vigilance about truth.

Metaphysics

The study of ultimate reality and existence.

Epistemology

The study of the meaning, nature, source, scope and possibility of human knowledge.

Axiology

The philosophical study of human values including moral, aesthetic, political, and social values.

Self-actualization

The realization of one's potential and capability.

Intellectual Independence

The ability to think and reason without undue influence from others.

Abstraction

The process of forming ideas by extracting common qualities from examples.

Intuitive Ideas

Ideas that are the result of direct perception.

Abstractive Ideas

Ideas that result from means other than immediate perception, such as reasoning.

Clear Idea

An idea that can be distinguished from other objects.

Obscure Idea

An idea that cannot be distinguished from other objects.

Adequate Idea

An idea where all attributes can be enumerated.

Inadequate Idea

An idea where all attributes cannot be enumerated.

Connex Ideas

Ideas where one necessarily includes or excludes the other.

Identical Ideas

Ideas with the same comprehension.

Compatible Ideas

Ideas whose attributes can be united into another idea.

Contradictory Ideas

Ideas that deny the comprehension of each other.

Concrete Idea

An idea that expresses an inherent nature or attribute of a subject.

Abstract Idea

An idea considered separately from the subject in which it inheres.

Universal

An idea that represents a common attribute applicable to a class as a whole.

Particular

Universals taken partly and indeterminately.

Collective

An idea that applies to all individuals as a class, but not to single members.