The Move to Global War

Marco Polo Bridge Incident date

1937

Marco Polo Bridge Incident

Small skirmish that escalated to the second sino-japanese war and started by unauthorised night maneuvers

Treaty of Kanagawa

31st March 1854, ended Japanese isolationism by force

First Sino-Japanese War

Fought over Korea and started on 1st august 1894

The Triple Intervention

April 23 1895, forced japan to give up territories such as Liaodong after winning 1st S-J war

Triple Intervention

Russia, Germany, and France

Anglo-Japanese alliance

Between the UK + Japan on 30th January 1902

Russo-Japanese war

February 8, 1904 over Manchuria + Korea and Japan won

Treaty of Portsmouth

Ended R-J war September 5 1905, legitimised Japan’s presence in manchuria

21 demands

secret claims made by the Japan to China on Jan 18 1915

Yuan Shikai capitulated to most, but the most extreme were forced to be dropped by the west

Japan at the treaty of Versailles

• Present the race equity clause which is rejected

May 4th Movement

Student protests against japan in china that sparks intense chinese nationalism (1919) - in reaction to versailles

Four-Power Treaty

signed 1921 between UK, USA, France, and Japan to hold status quo in the pacific

Five-Power Naval Treaty

signed in 1922 and created a 5:5:3 ratio for UK, USA and J military, creating intense resentment in J

General election Law

granted universal male suffrage in 1925

Peace Preservation Law

Signed in 1925 and criminalised criticism of the government

The Kwantung Army

• japanese and ultranationalistic

• worked in manchuria

• Often mutinied and acted autonomously

The Northern Expedition

• 1926-27

• First United front aimed to unite China and led by Jiang Jeishi

The Mukden incident

• september 1931 when Kwantung army blew up a small section of a railway

• blamed on china and tried to start a war and captured Manchuria

The Lytton Report

• 1932

• states Japan was the sole agressor of the manchurian invasion

• No sanction

• J left the league of nations

Kodo Ha faction

• totalitaristic and nationalist

• communism is the true enemy

• strike north

Tosei-Ha faction

• more measured

• Modernise and reform

• Strike south