DHN 101 Ch 11

a few days

How long can a human survive without water?

5 days

a few days

at least 8-20 days

up to 30 days

fat tissue

What type of tissue contains the least amount of water?

muscle tissue

fat tissue

heart muscle

transport nutrients

regulate body temperature

major solvent

Select all that apply

Which of the following are functions of water?

provide energy

transport nutrients

regulate body temperature

major solvent

ions.

electrolytes.

Select all that apply

Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called

electrons.

ions.

protons.

electrolytes.

total water intake requirements vary widely

water needs vary based on environmental temperatures, age, and health conditions

dietary choices and physical activity influence water requirements

Select all that apply

Choose the statements about water that are true.

total water needs are the same for men and women

total water intake requirements vary widely

water needs vary based on environmental temperatures, age, and health conditions

dietary choices and physical activity influence water requirements

fruits

vegetables

Select all that apply

Humans are able to make some water and to obtain it from which of the following types of foods?

fruits

vegetables

vegetable oils

dehydration.

The state that describes body water depletion is called

dehydration.

intoxication.

hydration.

Lean muscle

Which type of tissue contains more water?

Bone

Fat tissue

Lean muscle

fluid intake is limited.

fluid loss is great.

Select all that apply

The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when

fluid intake is limited.

fluid loss is great.

fluid losses are minimal.

fluid intake is excessive.

bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body

Which of the following is not a function of water within the body?

bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body

bodily fluids serve as the basis for excretion of waste products from the body

bodily fluids serve as the basis for saliva, bile, and amniotic fluid

bodily fluids help lubricate body tissues

Weight loss

The primary and initial sign of dehydration is rapid ___ ___

ions

The body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of ____

coffee.

tea.

alcohol.

Select all that apply

Examples of diuretics include

coffee.

tea.

alcohol.

juice.

water

Recommendations for total _____ intake vary widely because factors such as environmental temperatures, health conditions, physical activities, and dietary choices influence individual requirements.

iron

water

protein

calcium

water

intoxication

The condition that arises when an excessive amount of water is consumed in a short period of time is called ____ ___

dehydration

A person who has perspired a lot while exercising on a humid day is at risk for ____ due to fluid losses.

Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Select all that apply

Which of the following are major minerals?

Potassium

Sodium

Calcium

Iron

Fluid balance is maintained

Fluid intake is adequate

More urine is produced and eliminated

Fluid intake is greater than needed.

Small amounts of urine are produced

Fluid intake is limited.

dark colored urine.

low urine volume.

dry mouth.

Select all that apply

Common signs of dehydration include

increased tears.

dark colored urine.

low urine volume.

dry mouth.

still

Drinking fluids that are caffeinated beverages (e.g., coffee, tea, or energy drinks), ______ contribute to meeting a person's water needs.

Fruits

Vegetables

Dairy

Protein

Grains

Select all that apply

Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet. What are the five MyPlate food groups?

Fruits

Vegetables

Dairy

Water

Protein

Grains

hyponatremia

During water intoxication, the excess water consumed dilutes the sodium concentration of the blood resulting in a condition known as ____

they are needed in greater dietary amounts.

they are stored in the body in larger quantities.

Select all that apply

Major minerals are called major because

they are needed in greater dietary amounts.

they are stored in the body in larger quantities.

they are synthesized the body in larger amounts.

they have a more important role in the body.

major

Calcium, sodium and potassium are examples of _____ minerals

major

ultratrace

trace

minor

fluid loss is great.

fluid intake is limited.

Select all that apply

The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when

fluid loss is great.

fluid losses are minimal.

fluid intake is excessive.

fluid intake is limited.

calcium

For most Americans, milk products are significant food sources for ______.

iron

fluoride

sulfur

calcium

hemoglobin in blood cells.

Iron is an important component of

hemoglobin in blood cells.

nerve impulses.

intestinal lining.

bone matrix.

all MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet

Which MyPlate food group does not contribute minerals to the diet?

protein

all MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet

grains

vegetables and fruits

dairy

Vitamin D.

calcium-binding protein.

Select all that apply

Calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of

calcitonin.

Vitamin D.

calcium-binding protein.

hydroxyapetite.

major

Minerals that are required in the diet each day in amounts larger than 100 milligrams are classified as ____ minerals

calcium

The most plentiful mineral in the body is ____

cheese

yogurt

fluid milk

Select all that apply

Most of the calcium in American diets comes from ______.

cheese

yogurt

fluid milk

grains and cereals

1000 to 1200mg/day.

The adult RDA for calcium ranges from

1000 to 1200mg/day.

200 to 400 mg/day.

500 to 800 mg/day.

1500 to 1750 mg/day.

calcium

sodium

potassium

Select all that apply

Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?

calcium

phosphorus

sodium

potassium

spontaneous

People with osteoporosis may break a bone by falling, or they may experience ____ fractures, in which a fragile bone gives way for no apparent reason.

duodenum.

The greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in the

cecum.

duodenum.

ileum.

jejunum.

major minerals.

Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and sulfur are minerals that are categorized as

trace minerals.

major minerals.

non essential minerals.

bone and teeth formation.

muscle contraction.

blood clot formation.

Select all that apply

Roles for calcium in the body include

bone and teeth formation.

muscle contraction.

blood clot formation.

saliva secretion.

skeleton.

Most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the

skeleton.

organs.

muscle.

blood.

less, equal to

Women typically consume ________ than the RDA for calcium, while men consume amounts ______ the RDA.

more, equal to

more, less than

less, equal to

less, more than

Vertebrae

Ankle bones

Wrist bones

Hip bones

Select all that apply

Which bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fractures?

Vertebrae

Ankle bones

Leg bones

Arm bones

Wrist bones

Hip bones

Apples

Which of the following is NOT a good source of phosphorus in the typical American diet?

Apples

Oatmeal

Cottage cheese

Chicken breast

calcium-binding protein.

Vitamin D.

Select all that apply

Calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of

calcium-binding protein.

calcitonin.

Vitamin D.

hydroxyapetite.

phosphate

mineral

emia

blood

chronic inflammation

hypertension

insulin resistance

Select all that apply

Which of the following diseases or conditions are positively affected by calcium rich diets?

lung cancer

chronic inflammation

hypertension

insulin resistance

generating ATP.

synthesizing DNA.

regulating acid-base balance.

Select all that apply

Roles for phosphorus in the body include

generating ATP.

facilitating nerve transmission.

synthesizing DNA.

regulating acid-base balance.

chloride.

Table salt is composed of sodium and

potassium.

calcium.

phosphate.

chloride.

meat.

dairy.

Select all that apply

Good dietary sources of phosphorus include

meat.

fruits.

dairy.

vegetables.

enhance flavor.

retard food spoilage.

Select all that apply

Sodium is often added to foods during processing in order to

improve nutritional quality.

enhance flavor.

retard food spoilage.

protect against free radicals.

phosphorus

Kidney-disease patients may need to monitor and regulate their _____ intake to avoid hyperphosphatemia.

calcium

phosphorus

sodium

protein

successful weight loss.

Consuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects on

successful weight loss.

type 1 diabetes.

irritable bowel syndrome.

alzheimers disease.

higher

The AI for sodium is __________ in people who perspire heavily

higher

the same

lower

skeleton.

Most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the

organs.

muscle.

skeleton.

blood

hypertension

A person with persistently elevated blood pressure is diagnosed with ______.

CVD

diabetes

hypertension

hyperthyroidism

sodium

chloride

Table salt is chemically known as ___ ___

organs and blood vessels have been damaged

Hypertension does not cause symptoms until ______.

diastolic pressure is above 80 mmHg

organs and blood vessels have been damaged

systolic pressure is over 130 mgHg

a person's blood pressure has been elevated for 6 months

processed snacks.

Examples of foods high in sodium are

grain products.

processed snacks.

fresh fruit.

uncooked vegetables.

hyper

too much

phosphate

mineral

baked potato

Of the foods listed below, the food that provides the most potassium is ______

lima beans

baked potato

yogurt

bananas

1500 mg/day

The AI for sodium in adults is

1500 mg/day

2500 mg/day

2000 mg/day

1000 mg/day

True

True or false: There is no Upper Level for potassium.

stroke.

heart disease.

kidney failure.

Select all that apply

People with hypertension are at an increased risk of

kidney cancer.

stroke.

heart disease.

kidney failure.

Does not cause symptoms

Why is hypertension called the "silent killer?"

The heart becomes silent

Does not cause symptoms

A person will die in their sleep

Damage occurs to the larynx

Maintaining fluid balance.

What role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common?

Maintaining strong bones.

Elevating blood pressure.

Maintaining fluid balance.

choose more fruits and vegetables.

Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should

choose more fruits and vegetables.

choose more eggs and meat.

choose more refined grains.

limit his intake of dairy products.

NO

Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements?

muscle contraction.

nerve transmission.

Select all that apply

Potassium is needed by the body for

muscle contraction.

blood clotting.

bone integrity.

nerve transmission.

baked potato

Of the foods listed below, the food that provides the most potassium is ______.

bananas

lima beans

baked potato

yogurt

energy metabolism

Sodium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________.

energy metabolism

muscle contraction and relaxation

transmission of nerve impulses

regulation of fluid balance

loss of bone mass and structure

Osteoporosis is characterized by ________.

defective collagen production

keratinization and death of epithelial cells

loss of bone mass and structure

immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin

False

In adults, hyponatremia occurs rapidly after a bout of mild diarrhea or vomiting.

minerals and waste products collecting and forming a hard mass

After experiencing considerable pain and having blood in his urine, Solomon visited his physician and was diagnosed with kidney stones. Kidney stones occur as a result of ________.

glucose and protein forming a ball-like complex

ammonia not being converted into urea efficiently in the liver

the lining of the kidneys becoming inflammed and causing cellular overgrowth

minerals and waste products collecting and forming a hard mass

True

Hyperphosphatemia contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease due to the formation of calcium-phosphorus deposits in blood vessels.

2.7 L

For healthy young adult females, the Adequate Intake (AI) for water is _______ daily.

4.2 L

2.7 L

1.5 L

3.7 L

fluid balance

Calcium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________.

blood clotting

fluid balance

cellular metabolism

transmission of nerve impulses

not sulfur...

Which of the following minerals may have a physiological role, but more research is necessary to determine whether it is essential?

Boron

Copper

Sulfur

Molybdenum

All of these choices are correct.

Thirty-year-old Kume is concerned about her risk for osteoporosis as both her grandmother and mother have experienced broken bones as a result of osteoporosis. To reduce her risk for osteoporosis, Kume should ________.

limit her consumption of alcohol

All of these choices are correct.

eat a diet rich in both calcium and vitamin D

exercise regularly

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following factors can impact the body's fluid balance?

exercise habits

Environmental temperature and humidity

Sodium intake

All of these choices are correct

minerals and waste products collecting and forming a hard mass

After experiencing considerable pain and having blood in his urine, Solomon visited his physician and was diagnosed with kidney stones. Kidney stones occur as a result of ________.

the lining of the kidneys becoming inflammed and causing cellular overgrowth

ammonia not being converted into urea efficiently in the liver

glucose and protein forming a ball-like complex

minerals and waste products collecting and forming a hard mass

False

Children who are deficient in phosphorus experience symptoms of marasmus.

Potassium

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

Potassium

Fluoride

Iron

Copper

Calcium

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

Selenium

Calcium

Aluminum

Cesium

Sweet potatoes

Which of the following foods is NOT a significant source of phytic acid?

Seeds

Whole grains

Beans

Sweet potatoes

oxalic acid

Consuming too much rhubarb, which contains ________, can inhibit absorption of calcium in the GI tract.

phytic acid

calcium reductase

ascorbic acid

oxalic acid

1,000

On average, it takes about _______ gallons of water per person per day to produce food for the typical American's diet.

1,000

200

75

500

True

Hyperkalemia can cause a person's heart to stop beating.

cellular metabolism

Potassium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________

contraction and relaxation of muscles

cellular metabolism

transmission of nerve impulses

fluid balance

false

In adults, hyponatremia occurs rapidly after a bout of mild diarrhea or vomiting.

enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

Parathyroid hormone ________.

enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

increases the body's rate of potassium excretion

signals osteoblasts to release calcium from bones

enables glucose to enter cells

False

In adults, hyponatremia occurs rapidly after a bout of mild diarrhea or vomiting.

Bone pain

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with hypokalemia?

Muscle cramps

Loss of appetite

Bone pain

Constipation

fluid balance

Calcium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________.

cellular metabolism

transmission of nerve impulses

fluid balance

blood clotting

Selenium

Which of the following minerals is important as part of an antioxidant defense system?

Phosphorus

Selenium

Calcium

Potassium

Sweet potatoes

Which of the following foods is NOT a significant source of phytic acid?

Beans

Sweet potatoes

Whole grains

Seeds

Baked chicken

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of calcium?

Turnip greens

Baked chicken

Low-fat milk

Ricotta cheese

True

When a person consumes a large amount of coffee, tea, and/or soft drinks, the caffeine in these beverages acts as a diuretic and increases urine output.