ESS SL VOCAB

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 74

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

75 Terms

1

Ecological Footprint

The amount of land needed to support an individual's lifestyle.

New cards
2

Carbon Footprint

The total amount of greenhouse gas emissions as a result of activities.

New cards
3

Water Footprint

The total amount of water use to support consumption.

New cards
4

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs)

Assesses the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the project, predicting and evaluating possible impacts and suggesting mitigation strategies for the project.

New cards
5

Solid Domestic Waste (SDW)

Solid waste from households, businesses, schools, ect. Waste "stream" refers to flow of solid waste to recycling centers, landfills,s or trash incineration.

New cards
6

Niche

The role an organism plays in an ecosystem.

New cards
7

Gross Secondary Productivity

The total energy or biomass assimilated by consumers and is calculated by subtracting the mass of fecal loss from the mass of food consumed. GSP = food eaten - fecal loss

New cards
8

Net Secondary Productivity

Calculated by subtracting respiratory losses (R) from GSP. NSP = GSP - R

New cards
9

Carbon Cycle

The process that moves carbon between plants, animals, and microbes; minerals in the earth; and the atmosphere.

New cards
10

Nitrogen Cycle

The biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems.

New cards
11

Net Primary Productivity

Calculated by subtracting respiratory losses (R) from gross primary productivity (GPP).

New cards
12

NPP = GPP - R

New cards
13

Respiration

The process of breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide. However, the term more formally refers to the chemical process organisms use to release the energy from food, which typically involves the consumption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide.

New cards
14

Aerobic respiration

Represented by the following word equation. glucose + oxygen →carbon dioxide + water

New cards
15

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

New cards
16

Trophic Level

The position that an organism occupies in a food chain, or the position of a group of organisms in a community that occupy the same position in food chains. • Producers (autotrophs) are typically plants or algae that produce their own food using photosynthesis and form the first trophic level in a food chain. Exceptions include chemosynthetic organisms that produce food without sunlight.

New cards
17

Ecological Pyramids

Include pyramids of numbers, biomass and productivity and are quantitative models that are usually measured for a given area and time.

New cards
18

Pyramid of Biomass

Shows the total biomass of the organisms involved at each trophic level of an ecosystem. Biomass is a measure of the total mass of living material in each trophic level.

New cards
19

Bioaccumulation

The build-up of persistent or non-biodegradable pollutants within an organism or trophic level because they cannot be broken down.

New cards
20

Zonation

The distribution of plants or animals into specific zones according to such parameters as altitude or depth, each characterized by its dominant species.

New cards
21

Succcession

Succession is the process of change over time in an ecosystem involving pioneer, intermediate and climax communities. During succession, the patterns of energy flow, gross and net productivity, diversity, and mineral cycling change over time.

New cards
22

Simpson's Diversity Index

A measure of diversity which takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species.

New cards
23

Lincolns Index

Allows conservationists to estimate population sizes of individual animal species. Individuals are captured, marked, released back into the population and recaptured.

New cards
24

Density-dependent factors

Factors that lower the birth rate or raise the death rate as a population grows in size. They are negative feedback mechanisms leading to the stability or regulation of the population.

New cards
25

Density- independent factors

Factors that affect a population irrespective of population density notably environmental change.

New cards
26

Autotroph

An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

New cards
27

Heterotroph

An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

New cards
28

Genetic Diversity

The genetic range that is present in a population of a species. Species that have a small genetic diversity are more at risk of being wiped out by diseases. Selective breeding by humans to domesticate animals or grow plants with specific traits has reduced the gene pool in many species.

New cards
29

Vegetative Diversity

The number of different species of vegetation present. The greater the number of species, the greater the vegetative diversity. Communities with diverse vegetation are more likely to provide the necessary food for certain species.

New cards
30

Natural Selection

The process by which organisms that have better adapted to their environment will survive to produce more offspring. Theory was founded by Charles Darwin and is now known to be the main explanation for the evolution cycle.

New cards
31

Succession

Succession is a directed or predictable change in community structures over a certain period of time. This is due to shifts in inhabitants of an area as well as relative abundance of different species as time passes over years to centuries.

New cards
32
New cards
33
  • Diversity changes through succession

New cards
34
  • Human Activities modify succession (logging, grazing, burning)

New cards
35

Habitat Fragmentation

This happens when parts of a habitat are destroyed, leaving behind smaller unconnected

New cards
36

Hydrological Cycle

The circulation of water between the earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land.

New cards
37
New cards
38

Water cycle:

New cards
39

Evaporation ⟶ condensation ⟶ precipitation ⟶ runoff

New cards
40

OZONE

A gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms

New cards
41

CFC's (chlorofluorocarbons)

Are a primary anthropogenic (human) cause of O3 breakdown. Used as refrigerant chemicals and propellants in aerosol containers (hair spray, febreeze, etc.)

New cards
42

Photochemical Smog (VOC's and 03)

Without NO to react with, O3 builds up instead of returning to O2 & NO2 overnight. O3 combines with photochem. oxidants (NO + VOCS) to form photochemical smog

New cards
43
New cards
44

Mixture of pollutants from nitrogen oxide mixed with VOC's allowing for a brown haze over very populated places like cities, most photochemical smog is from cars all being used at a specific time.

New cards
45

Deposition

Combustion of FF produces sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen as prim. pollutants. These gases may be converted into sec. pollutants of dry deposition or wet deposition.

New cards
46
New cards
47

Wet deposition = pollutants incorporated into clouds

New cards
48

Dry deposition = pollutants removed by gravity

New cards
49

Acid Deposition

Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, enter the atmosphere-where they combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid-and return to Earth's surface

New cards
50

Greenhouse Gas

Gases in earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun & radiate it back down to earth, Without greenhouse effect, earth would be too cold to support life

New cards
51

Stratospheric Ozone

Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs UV-C and much of UV-B radiation

New cards
52
New cards
53

Human health benefits of stratospheric ozone:

New cards
54

Prevention of skin cancer & cataracts

New cards
55

UV-B & C mutate DNA (skin cancer) & cause oxidative stress in eyes (cataracts)

New cards
56

Renewable Sources

Hydroelectric power- turbines that switch on whatever reliable energy is needed . Dam used to flows of water to power

New cards
57
New cards
58

Tidal Power- produces energy by using turbines in the water

New cards
59
New cards
60

Solar energy, biofuels (burning plant material), wind power, geothermal energy (waste heat from the ground)

New cards
61

Non Renewable

All fossil fuels, burning of fossil fuel (coal, gas) allow for a release of carbon to generate excess amount of power that led to a warming in the atmosphere, they are the cheapest use of energy meaning that most country will resort to this for their most used energy source

New cards
62

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Average number of children a woman in a population will bear throughout her lifetime.

New cards
63

Replacement Level Fertility

The TFR required to offset deaths in a pop. and keep pop. size stable About 2.1 in developed countries (replace mom & dad) Higher in less developed countries due to higher infant mortality

New cards
64

Calculating Growth Rate (r)

Crude Birth Rate & Crude Death Rate (CBR & CDR)

New cards
65

Doubling Time (Rule of 70)

The time it takes (in years) for a population to double is equal to 70 divided by the growth rate

New cards
66

Age Cohorts

Groups of similarly aged individuals 0-14 = prereproductive;

New cards
67

15 - 44 = reproductive age;

New cards
68

45 + = post reproductive

New cards
69
New cards
70

Size difference between 0-14 & 15-44 indicates growth rate

New cards
71
New cards
72

Larger 0-14 cohort = current & future growth

New cards
73

Roughly equal 0-14 & 15-44 = slight growth/stable

New cards
74
New cards
75

Larger 15-44 = pop. decline

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
899 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 32 people
794 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
28 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 103 people
856 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
761 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
693 days ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 39 people
953 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
776 days ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (33)
studied byStudied by 3 people
792 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (62)
studied byStudied by 5 people
765 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 10 people
56 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 5 people
171 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 115 people
507 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 12 people
468 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 2 people
661 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 38 people
8 days ago
5.0(1)
robot