The Physical Self: Heredity and Environment

Physical Self

Individual's perception of their own body.

Heredity

Genetic factors influencing physical characteristics.

Environment

Surroundings affecting personal development and self-view.

Self-Esteem

Confidence in one's worth or abilities.

Cognitive Development

Growth in thinking and understanding processes.

Jean Piaget

Psychologist known for cognitive development stages.

Growth

Physical maturation increasing body size and organs.

Development

Qualitative changes in skills and capacities.

Physical Growth

Changes in height and weight over time.

Mental Development

Intellectual growth and problem-solving abilities.

Emotional Development

Growth in managing feelings and emotions.

Social Development

Changes in interactions and relationships with others.

Maturation

Completion of growth and development processes.

Physical Maturation

Physical changes occurring with aging.

Quantitative Changes

Measurable changes in growth and development.

Qualitative Changes

Non-measurable changes in skills and abilities.

Stages of Growth

Phases marking physical and cognitive development.

Cultural Impact

Influence of culture on body image perceptions.

Self-Discovery

Understanding one's identity and personal needs.

Self-Fulfillment

Achieving personal satisfaction and contentment.

Developmental Stages

Specific phases in human growth and change.

Body Image

Personal perception of physical appearance.

Forces Influencing Development

Factors affecting the growth of the physical self.

Cognitive Maturation

Change in thinking patterns throughout lifespan.

Heredity

Transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

Environment

Forces and experiences influencing personal development.

Infancy

Development stage from birth to 1 year.

Physical Development in Infancy

Rapid changes occur during the first year.

Mental Development in Infancy

Infants understand words by six months old.

Emotional Needs in Infancy

Love and security essential for growth.

Early Childhood

Development stage from 1 to 6 years.

Verbal Growth in Early Childhood

Children recognize letters and ask questions.

Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Frustration arises from inability to perform.

Middle Childhood

Development stage from 6 to 10 years.

Physical Changes in Middle Childhood

Loss of baby teeth and eruption of permanent teeth.

Mental Development in Middle Childhood

Focus on school and learning abstract concepts.

Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Fear of school environment is managed.

Late Childhood

Development stage from 10 to 16 years.

Physical Changes in Late Childhood

Puberty leads to sexual characteristics development.

Mental Development in Late Childhood

Increase in knowledge and skill sharpening.

Social Relationships

Impact of peer acceptance on emotional needs.

Basic Necessities in Early Childhood

Food, rest, shelter, love, and security required.

Preadolescence

Another term for middle childhood development stage.

Developmental Stages

Phases of growth from infancy to late childhood.

Conflict in Adolescence

Struggle between child and adult expectations.

Emotional Development

Often tumultuous; seeks identity and independence.

Social Development

Increased peer interaction over family time.

Adolescent Needs

Require reassurance, support, and understanding.

Early Adolescence

Ages 10-14; onset of puberty and physical changes.

Physical Changes in Early Adolescence

Includes hair growth, body odor, and menstruation.

Intellectual Development in Early Adolescence

Focus on present; struggles with long-term thinking.

Emotional Challenges in Early Adolescence

Mood swings and low self-esteem are common.

Social Expansion in Early Adolescence

Begins to socialize outside family and close friends.

Middle Adolescence

Ages 15-17; reaching adult height and body awareness.

Physical Development in Middle Adolescence

Focus on grooming and physical fitness increases.

Intellectual Growth in Middle Adolescence

Ability to solve complex problems develops.

Future Orientation in Middle Adolescence

Begins to consider future implications of actions.

Emotional Dynamics in Middle Adolescence

Desire for independence while needing parental security.

Social Relationships in Middle Adolescence

Focus on peer groups and first romantic interests.

Late Adolescence

Ages 18-21; refining physical appearance and fitness.

Intellectual Maturity in Late Adolescence

Understanding long-term consequences of choices improves.

Emotional Confidence in Late Adolescence

Increased self-confidence and expanded social circles.

Career Consideration in Late Adolescence

First serious thoughts about career choices arise.

Social Development in Late Adolescence

Social circles expand beyond earlier cliques.

Middle Adulthood

Age range from 40 to 65 years.

Physical Development

Changes include graying hair, wrinkling skin.

Intellectual Development

Mental abilities can continue to increase.

Emotional Development

Can involve contentment or crisis during mid-life.

Social Development

Restructuring of social life due to family changes.

Late Adulthood

Age 65 years and older.

Cognitive Decline

Mental abilities may decline in elderly individuals.

Alzheimer's Disease

Causes irreversible loss of memory and function.

Schema

Pattern of thought organizing knowledge and behavior.

Example of Schema

Restaurant behavior pattern: menu, order, eat, pay.

Assimilation

Incorporating new information into existing beliefs.

Example of Assimilation

Child calls bald man a clown.

Accommodation

Changing schema to fit new experiences.

Example of Accommodation

Father explains man is not a clown.

Vision Decline

Common in late adulthood; affects sight.

Hearing Loss

Begins in middle adulthood; affects communication.

Weight Gain

Common physical change during middle adulthood.

Coping Mechanisms

Developed to handle life stresses in adulthood.

Social Roles

Includes parent, grandparent, and worker responsibilities.

Mental Abilities

Varies widely among elderly individuals.

Contentment in Mid-life

Dependent on job satisfaction and health.

Cognitive Development

Study of how thinking evolves over time.

Accommodation

Adjusting existing schemas to incorporate new information.

Sensori-motor Stage

Development through sensory experiences and movements.

Pre-operational Stage

Stage of fantasy, symbols, and early questioning.

Concrete Operational Stage

Understanding logic and concrete cognitive operations.

Formal Operational Stage

Ability to think abstractly and philosophically.

Schemas

Mental structures organizing knowledge and experiences.

Egocentrism

Inability to see perspectives other than one's own.

Hypothetical Thinking

Ability to consider possibilities beyond current reality.

Cognitive Operations

Mental processes for organizing and manipulating information.

Identity Formation

Development of a sense of self and personal values.

Imaginary Audience

Belief that others are constantly observing one's behavior.

Compassion

Understanding and empathizing with others' feelings.

Developmental Milestones

Key stages marking significant growth in abilities.

Symbolic Representation

Using symbols to represent objects or ideas.