Phylum and Classes

Phylum Porifera

Also known as sponges.

Phylum Ctenophora

Known as comb jellies.

Phylum Cnidaria

Includes classes such as Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, and Anthozoa.

Class Hydrozoa

Contains hydras and Portuguese man-of-war.

Class Scyphozoa

Includes jellyfish, medusa jellies, and sea nettles.

Class Cubozoa

Comprises box jellies and sea wasps.

Class Anthozoa

Includes sea anemones, most corals, and sea fans.

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Known as flatworms, which include four classes.

Class Turbellaria

Free-living flatworms such as Planaria.

Class Monogenaea

Primarily ectoparasites of fish.

Class Trematoda

Includes trematodes like blood flukes (Shistosoma).

Class Cestoda

Includes tapeworms such as beef and pork tapeworms (Taenia).

Phylum Ectoprocta

Also referred to as bryozoans or moss animals.

Phylum Brachiopoda

Known as lamp shells.

Phylum Nemertea

Commonly known as ribbon worms.

Phylum Annelida

Known as segmented worms, comprising three classes.

Class Oligochaeta

Includes earthworms.

Class Polychaeta

Known as polychaetes.

Class Hirudinea

Includes leeches.

Phylum Mollusca

Contains four classes including chitons, clams, and octopuses.

Class Polyplacophora

Known as chitons.

Class Bivalvia

Includes clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels.

Class Gastropoda

Includes abalone, limpets, conchs, nudibranchs, snails, and slugs.

Class Cephalopoda

Includes squid, octopus, nautilus, and cuttlefish.

Phylum Nematoda

Known as roundworms, including Trichinella and heartworm (Dirofilaria).

Phylum Arthropoda

Includes various subphyla such as Trilobita and Cheliceriformes.

Subphylum Trilobita

Includes trilobites.

Subphylum Cheliceriformes

Comprises spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs.

Subphylum Myriapoda

Includes millipedes and centipedes.

Subphylum Crustacea

Contains lobsters, crabs, barnacles, amphipods, and isopods.

Subphylum Hexapoda

Includes insects such as flies, beetles, and butterflies.

Phylum Echinodermata

Includes classes such as Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Holothuroidea.

Class Asteroidea

Includes sea stars.

Class Ophiuroidea

Includes brittle stars.

Class Echinoidea

Comprises sea urchins and sand dollars.

Class Crinoidea

Includes sea lilies and feather stars.

Class Holothuroidea

Includes sea cucumbers.

Phylum Chordata

Divided into subphyla such as Urochordata and Vertebrata.

Subphylum Urochordata

Known as tunicates or sea squirts.

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Includes lancelets.

Subphylum Vertebrata

Includes classes such as Cyclostomata and Gnathostomes.

Cyclostomata

Refers to jawless vertebrates, including hagfish and lamprey.

Class Myxini

Known as hagfish.

Class Petromyzontida

Known as lamprey.

Gnathostomes

Jawed vertebrates, which include various classes.

Class Chondrichthyes

Includes sharks, rays, and chimaeras.

Osteichthyes

Known as boney fishes, including ray-finned fishes and lungfish.

Class Actinopterygii

Includes ray-finned fishes.

Class Actinistia

Known as coelacanths.

Class Dipnoi

Includes lungfish.

Tetrapoda

Refers to four-limbed vertebrates including amphibians.

Class Amphibia

Includes salamanders, frogs, and caecilians.

Amniota

Vertebrates with amniotic eggs, including reptiles and mammals.

Class Reptilia

Includes turtles, crocodiles, dinosaurs, birds, and squamates.

Class Mammalia

Includes monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians.