Skeletal System Physiology and Anatomy of a Long bone

The structural foundation of any vertebrae is a derivative of mesenchymal cells of the embryo.

Skeletal System

What type of cell did the skeletal system originate from?

Mesenchymal cells

This term refers to the potential synthesis of multiple specialized stem cells including blood.

Pluripotential

This is a type of immature specialized cell designed to synthesize the extracellular matrix of the cartilage. It is the precursor to chondrocytes.

Chorondoblasts

These are the cells responsible for maintaining and production of the cartilage matrix

Chorondrocytes

This is the bone cell primarily responsible for the creation of bone.

Osteoblast

This is the bone cell primarily responsible for maintaining bone homeostasis such as the regulation of calcium/other minerals and signaling bone remodeling.

Osteocytes

This is the bone cell primarily responsible for the destruction of old bone cells by degrading the calcium.

Osteoclasts

This bone marrow is responsible for the synthesis of red blood cells or the production of myeloid.

Red Bone Marrow

This is the undifferentiated and immature blood cells produced in the red bone marrow.

Myeloblasts

This bone marrow is responsible for the storage of adipose tissues.

Yellow Bone Marrow

This is the term used when we convert the cartilage to bone, resulting into growth.

Appositional Growth

This is the site where the production of osteoblasts are produced.

Periosteum

List the four type of bones

Long Bone

Short Bone

Flat Bone

Irregular Bone

What are the names of the ends of a bone?

Epiphysis

When a long bone is still growing, what is the cartilage that facilitates growth?

Epiphyseal plate

When growth stops and the growth plates closes, what occurs to the plate? What does it become?

Epiphyseal line

True or False: Bones contain cavities in our body.

True

What is the central shaft of a long bone?

Diaphysis

Located in the diaphysis of a long bone, what is cavity present?

Medullary Cavity

When presented with the outer surface of a bone, what is the name of the surface?

Periosteum

The medullary cavity is lined with a connective tissue membrane named?

Endosteum

What are the two histological types of bone?

Compact Bone and Spongy Bone

This is a bone composed of solid matrices and cells.

Compact bone

This bone consists of a lacy network of bone with many small marrow-filled spaces

Spongy Bone

What do we call the predictable pattern of repeating units present in a compact bone?

Osteon

Where are most spongy bones located in a long bone?

Epiphyses

What do we call the interconnecting rods or plates of a bone?

Trabeculae

What is the purpose of a trabeculae?

Strength additives without being a solid mineralized matrix.

True or False: The trabeculae or trabecula consists of blood vessels

False

When the nutrients inside our bone wishes to be released onto our body, what part and process is used?

Marrow, Canaliculi, and Osteocytes of Trabeculae. Diffusion

This is the process of creating bone by osteoblasts

Ossification

What are the two processes present when synthesizing bone in a fetus?

Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification

When an ossification process begins in the connective tissue membrane, what is the process called?

Intramembranous ossification

What is the end product of intramembranous ossification?

Trabeculae

As mentioned earlier, intramembranous ossification occurs in connective tissue membranes. In what part, specifically in the membrane?

Ossification centers

What kind of ossification occurs at the base of the skull and most of the skeletal system develop through?

Endochondral ossification

What is the cartilage cells present during the endochondral ossification process?

Chondrocytes

What occurs in endochondral ossification, specifically the chondrocytes?

A. Increase in number, enlarge, and die

B. Decrease in number, gets smaller, and live

C. Conversion to Osteoblasts

D. Conversion to osteocytes through the process of ossification

When the chondrocytes have been eliminated, what happends next?

Cartilage matrix becomes calcified

While the cartilage matrix is calcifying, what happends next?

The blood vessels accumulate in the perichondrium

When blood vessels are present in the outer surfaces of the future bones, what will happen to some of the unspecified connective tissues on the surface of the bone?

Conversion to osteoblasts

What is the center called when bones start to appear?

Primary Ossification Center

What is the ossification center when the epiphysis are formed?

Secondary ossification center

What is the term used when a bone is broken and the vessels releases blood into the bone to form a clot?

Hematoma

When a bone is fractured and a hematoma is formed during 1-3 day schedule, what is formed?

Callus

When calluses are formed during a fracutre, what occurs?

Ossification of the Callus

When the bone is healing from a fracture, is total immobilization recommended?

No.