Chemistry Error logs`

What pair of substances is typically found in an alkaline (basic) buffer solution?

Weak base and its conjugate acid

Alkaline (or basic) buffers are designed to maintain a pH above 7.0.

What charge do alkaline earth metals typically form when they become ions?

Form 2+ cations

Each of the following is an intermolecular force EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

• Van der walls forces

• Covalent bonds

• Ion-dipole

• London dispersion forces

• Hydrogen bonds

Covalent bonds

Each of the following are examples of non-colligative properties of a liquid EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

• Surface tension

• Boiling point elevation

• Viscosity

• Solubility

• Color

Boiling point elevation

What determines the strength of an acid

Stability of conjugate base

What is the relationship between binding energy and energy needed to break apart the nucleus of an atom

Direct relationship

What is the relationship between binding energy and mass defect

Direct linear relationship

Gas to Solid is ______

Deposiiton

Solid to liquid is _____

Fusion

What are the intermolecular forces and list them from weakest to strongest

Londong Dispersion → dipole dipole → ion dipole → H bonds

What are the intramolecular forces and list them from weakest to strongest

Metallic → ionic → covalent

What is stronger intermolecular forces or intramolecular forces

Intramolecular forces

Which are the electron configuration exceptions

Cr: 4s¹3d⁵

Cu: 4s¹3d¹⁰

Ag: 5s¹4d¹⁰

Au: 6s¹5d¹⁰

Mo: 5s¹4d⁵

What is an isotope

Elements with the SAME number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS

Each of the following is a condition that allows gases to behave ideally EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION

• Absense of intermolecular foces

• High pressure

• Negligible volume of particles

• High temperature

High Pressure

What are four ways to make a buffer

1. Weak acid and C.B in a 1:1 ratio

2. Weak base and its C.A in a 1:1 ratio

3. Strong acid and weak base in a 1:2 ratio

4. Strong base and a weak acid in a 1:2 ratio

What are the 7 strongest acids

1. H2SO4; SO

2. HI; I

3. HBr; Brought

4. HNO3; NO

5. HCl; Clean

6. HClO3; Clothes

7. HClO4; Clumsily

What are the Strong Bases

LiOH;

NaOH;

KOH;

RbOH;

C5OH

Ca(OH)2

Sr(OH)2

Ba(OH)2

In an element, how do you determine the number of neutrons

Mass # - Atomic #

108 - 47 = 61

How do you determine the nnumber of electrons

Proton # -/+ charge =

Compare and contrast the shape of the Rate vs Concentration graph between Zeroth, First, Second order reactions

Compare and contrast the shape of Concentration Time graph between Zeroth, First, and Second order reaction

What is the general rule of single replacement reactions?

The more reactive element will always replace the less reactive element in a compound

Which elements are usually involved in reactivity series and whats the trend with these elements

Halogens

Reactivity series decreases going down

The high boiling point of water can be determined by _______

Hydrogen Bonds

Each of the following is an example of a colligative property of a liquid EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

• Boiling point elevation

• Freezing point depression

• Heating point

• Osmotic pressure

• Vapor pressure depressrion

Heating Point

Under what conditions can a superficial fluid be changed back into a liquid or gas

Decrease temperature only

Radioactive decay is the spontaneous breakdown of an atomic nucleus resulting in the release of energy and matter from the nucleus. What order kinetics does radioactive decay follow?

First Order kinetics

What kind of formula would you need for this question

Hess’ Law

Electron affinity increases left to right and and up, but which elements basically have an electron affinity of ZERO

Noble gasses (Group VIII) because their outer energy shell is already full

Explain the 5 different radioactive decays

At which point during a titration experiment does pH = pKa

Half equivalence point

What process occurs when the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure?

Boiling

What are the hydrogen bonds that exist

H bonded with N, O, F

What formula would be needed for this question:

• The molar solubility of Ca(OH)2 is 6.875 × 10^-3 mol/L. Calculate the Ksp value for Ca(OH)2

Ksp = [products] / [ reactants]

• Include and be careful of coefficients and units.

  • If given g/L, convert to mol/L

What is one thing to remember in solubility questions when your given molar solubility vs ion concentration

• The molar solubility of Ca(OH)2 is 6.687e-8 mol / L

• The solubility of Ba+2 is 2.667e-8 in a saturated solution of Ba3(PO4)2

Molar solubility: multiply coefficient by molar solubility

Ion concentration: Divide coefficient by ion concentration

What formula do u use for this question

M1 (T1 - Tf) = M2 (Tf - T2)