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What are the reasons for studying behavioral research methods?
To be good producers and consumers of research.
What is the job of a research producer?
To act as empiricists, test theories through research, and publish work to academic journals.
What is a variable in the context of research?
Anything the researcher measures or manipulates that has the ability to change.
What does it mean to have levels for a variable?
Levels are the values of a variable in a study, such as low, medium, and high for an independent variable.
What is the difference between a measured and a manipulated variable?
A measured variable is observed as it occurs naturally, while a manipulated variable is controlled by the researcher.
What is an independent variable?
A predictor variable that is manipulated in the experiment.
What is a dependent variable?
An outcome variable that is always being measured in the experiment.
What is the difference between conceptual and operational definitions?
A conceptual definition is an abstract concept that is precise, while an operational definition specifies how a variable will be measured in a study.
Why are operational definitions important?
They are essential for precision and allow other researchers to understand and replicate studies.
What is construct validity?
How well the researcher measures each variable.
What are the four types of validity?
Construct validity, external validity, internal validity, and statistical validity.
What is the difference between validity and reliability?
Validity measures accuracy while reliability measures consistency.
What are the three types of reliability?
Test-retest reliability, interrater reliability, and internal reliability.
What is a bivariate correlation?
The relationship between two variables, such as height and weight.
What does correlation does not equal causation mean?
It means that correlation shows an association but does not imply that one variable directly causes changes in the other.
What is a factorial design?
Studies involving multiple independent variables.
What are main effects and interaction effects in factorial designs?
Main effects are the overall impact of one independent variable, while interaction effects are the combined effects of multiple independent variables.
What is a double-blind study?
A study in which neither the participants nor the researchers know the group assignments.
What is replicability?
The ability to achieve the same results by conducting the same study again.
What is a meta-analysis?
A statistical synthesis of results from multiple studies.
What does generalizability mean?
The applicability of research results to other populations or settings.
