Exam 5 (Chapt 11/12)

aorta

the largest artery in the body

apexoftheheart

the lower tip of the heart

arteriole

a small artery

artery

the largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

atrioventricularbundle(bundleofHis)

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

atrioventricularnode(AVnode)

specialized tissue in the wall between atria; electrical impulses pass from pacemaker through AV node and bundle of His toward ventricles

atrium

one of two upper chambers of the heart

capillary

the smallest blood vessel

carbondioxide(CO2)

waste gas released by body cells transported via veins to the heart and then to lungs for exhalation

coronaryarteries

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle

deoxygenatedblood

oxygen poor blood

diastole

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

electrocardiogram

record of the electricity flowing through the heart

endocardium

inner lining of the heart

endothelium

innermost lining of blood vessels

mitralvalve

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve

murmur

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of heart valves

myocardium

muscular middle layer of the heart

normalsinusrhythm

heart rhythm originating in sinoatrial node with resting rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute

oxygen

gas carried by the blood from the lungs to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

pacemaker(sinoatrialnode)

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

pericardium

double layered membrane surrounding the heart

pulmonaryartery

artery carrying oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs

pulmonarycirculation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

pulmonaryvalve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

pulmonaryvein

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

pulse

the beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

septum

a partition or wall dividing a cavity such as that between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles

sinoatrialnode(SAnode)

the pacemaker of the heart

sphygmomanometer

an instrument to measure blood pressure

systemiccirculation

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and back

systole

the contraction phase of the heartbeat

tricuspidvalve

located between the right atrium and right ventricle; has three leaflets or cusps

valve

a structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so blood flows in only one direction

vein

a thin walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart; contains valves to prevent the backflow of blood

venacava

the largest vein in the body; superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of heart

ventricle

one of two lower chambers of the heart

venule

a small vein

angi/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arter/o

artery

arteri/o

artery

ather/o

yellowish plaque

atri/o

atrium

brachi/o

arm

cardi/o

heart

cholesterol/o

cholesterol

coron/o

heart

cyan/o

blue

myx/o

mucus

ox/o

oxygen

pericardi/o

pericardium

phleb/o

vein

pulmon/o

lung

rrhythm/o

rhythm

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

valvul/o

valve

valv/o

valve

vas/o

vessel

vascul/o

vessel

ven/o

vein

ventricul/o

ventricle

constriction

dilation

emia

graphy

lysis

megaly

meter

oma

osis

plasty

sclerosis

stenosis

tomy

a

,an

brady

slow

de

lack of; down; less; removal of

dys

bad; painful; difficult; abnormal

endo

in; within

hyper

above; excessive

hypo

deficient; below; under; less than normal

inter

between

peri

surrounding

tachy

fast

tetra

four

tri

three

Arrhythmia

abnormal heart rhythm

Flutter

rapid but regular contractions of the atria or ventricles

Fibrillation

rapid random inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart

Congestiveheartfailure

heart is unable to pump required amount of blood; causes pulmonary edema

Coronaryarterydisease

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries leading to decreased blood flow to the heart

Myocardialinfarction

heart attack; death of myocardial tissue due to ischemia

Aneurysm

local widening dilation of an arterial wall

Deepveinthrombosis

blood clot forms in a large vein usually lower limb

Hypertension

high blood pressure greater than 140 over 90 mm Hg

Peripheralvasculardisease

blockage of blood vessels outside the heart

Raynauddisease

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis in fingers and toes due to constriction