Muscular System

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NASM 6th ed. Appendix D for Muscular System

Last updated 2:21 AM on 8/31/25

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61 Terms

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Anterior Tibialis

category: lower leg musculature
origin: starts at the lateral surface of the tibia
insertion: ends at the base of the first metatarsal
isolated function: concentric dorsiflexion and inversion
integrated function: eccentric plantarflexion and eversion
stabilizes the arch of the foot

<ul><li><p>category: lower leg musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: starts at the lateral surface of the tibia</p></li><li><p>insertion: ends at the base of the first metatarsal</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric dorsiflexion and inversion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric plantarflexion and eversion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the arch of the foot</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Posterior Tibialis

category: lower leg musculature
origin: starts at the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula
insertion: ends at most of the tarsal bones
isolated function: concentric plantarflexion and inversion
integrated function: eccentric dorsiflexion and eversion
stabilizes the arch of the foot

<ul><li><p>category: lower leg musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: starts at the posterior surface of the tibia and fibula</p></li><li><p>insertion: ends at most of the tarsal bones</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric plantarflexion and inversion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric dorsiflexion and eversion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the arch of the foot</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Soleus

category: lower leg musculature
origin: starts at the posterior surface of the fibular head and tibia
insertion: achilles tendon
isolated function: concentric plantarflexion
integrated function: eccentric dorsiflexion
stabilizes foot and ankle complex

<ul><li><p>category: lower leg musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: starts at the posterior surface of the fibular head and tibia</p></li><li><p>insertion: achilles tendon</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric plantarflexion</p></li><li><p> integrated function: eccentric dorsiflexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes foot and ankle complex</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Gastrocnemius

category: lower leg musculature
origin: starts at the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles
instertion: achilles tendon
isolated function: concentric plantarflexion
integrated function: eccentric dorsiflexion
stabilizes the foot and ankle complex

<ul><li><p>category: lower leg musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: starts at the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles</p></li><li><p>instertion: achilles tendon</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric plantarflexion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric dorsiflexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the foot and ankle complex</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Peroneus Longus

category: lower leg musculature
origin: starts at the lateral condyle of the tibia and lateral surface of the fibula
insertion: ends at the lateral side of the first metatarsal
isolated function: concentric plantarflexion and eversion
integrated function: eccentric dorsiflexion
stabilizes the foot and ankle complex

<ul><li><p>category: lower leg musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: starts at the lateral condyle of the tibia and lateral surface of the fibula</p></li><li><p>insertion: ends at the lateral side of the first metatarsal</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric plantarflexion and eversion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric dorsiflexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the foot and ankle complex</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Bicep Femoris - Long Head

category: hamstring complex
origin: bottom of the pelvis
insertion: head of the fibula
isolated function: concentric knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial external rotation
integrated function: eccentric knee extension, hip flexion, and tibial internal rotation
stabilizes the LPHC and knee

<ul><li><p>category: hamstring complex</p></li><li><p>origin: bottom of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: head of the fibula</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial external rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric knee extension, hip flexion, and tibial internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC and knee</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Bicep Femoris - Short Head

category: hamstring complex
origin: posterior aspect of the femur
insertion: head of the fibula
isolated function: concentric knee flexion and tibial internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric knee extension and tibial internal rotation
stabilizes the knee

<ul><li><p>category: hamstring complex</p></li><li><p>origin: posterior aspect of the femur</p></li><li><p>insertion: head of the fibula</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric knee flexion and tibial internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric knee extension and tibial internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the knee</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Semimembranosus

category: hamstring complex

origin: bottom of the pelvis

insertion: posterior aspect of the tibia

isolated function: concentric knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial internal rotation

integrated function: eccentric knee extension, hip flexion, and tibial external rotation

stabilizes the LPHC and knee

<p>category: hamstring complex</p><p>origin: bottom of the pelvis</p><p>insertion: posterior aspect of the tibia</p><p>isolated function: concentric knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial internal rotation</p><p>integrated function: eccentric knee extension, hip flexion, and tibial external rotation</p><p>stabilizes the LPHC and knee</p>

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Semitendinosus

category: hamstring complex

origin: bottom of the pelvis

insertion: posterior aspect of the tibia

isolated function: concentric knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial internal rotation

integrated function: eccentric knee extension, hip flexion, tibial external rotation

stabilizes the LPHC and knee

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Vastus Lateralis

category: quadriceps
origin: the anterior, lateral region of the femur
insertion:base of patella and tibia
isolated function: concentric knee extension
integrated function: concentric knee flexion, adduction, and internal rotation
stabilizes the knee

<ul><li><p>category: quadriceps</p></li><li><p>origin: the anterior, lateral region of the femur</p></li><li><p>insertion:base of patella and tibia</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric knee extension</p></li><li><p>integrated function: concentric knee flexion, adduction, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the knee</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Vastus Medialis

category: quadriceps
origin: proximal, medial region of the femur
insertion: base of patella and tibia
isolated function: concentric knee extension
integrated function: eccentric knee flexion, adduction, and internal rotation
stabilizes the knee

<ul><li><p>category: quadriceps</p></li><li><p>origin: proximal, medial region of the femur</p></li><li><p>insertion: base of patella and tibia</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric knee extension</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric knee flexion, adduction, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the knee</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Vastus Intermedius

category: quadriceps
origin: anterior, lateral region of the femur
insertion: base of patella and tibia
isolated function: concentric knee extension
integrated function: eccentric knee flexion, adduction, and internal roation
stabilizes the knee

<ul><li><p>category: quadriceps</p></li><li><p>origin: anterior, lateral region of the femur</p></li><li><p>insertion: base of patella and tibia</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric knee extension</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric knee flexion, adduction, and internal roation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the knee</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Rectus Femoris

category: quadriceps
origin: anterior iliac spine of the pelvis
insertion: base of patella and tibia
isolated function: concentric knee extension and hip flexion
integrated function: eccentric knee flexion, adduction, and internal rotation
stabilizes the LPHC and knee

<ul><li><p>category: quadriceps</p></li><li><p>origin: anterior iliac spine of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: base of patella and tibia</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric knee extension and hip flexion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric knee flexion, adduction, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC and knee</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Adductor Longus

category: hip musculature
origin: anterior surface of the bottom of the pelvis
insertion: proximal region of femur
isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, extension, and external rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: anterior surface of the bottom of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: proximal region of femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, extension, and external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Adductor Magnus - Anterior Fibers

category: hip musculature
origin: ischial ramus of the pelvis
insertion: linea aspera of the femur
isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric hid abduction, extension, and external rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: ischial ramus of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: linea aspera of the femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hid abduction, extension, and external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Adductor Magnus - Posterior Fibers

category: hip musculature
origin: ischial tuberosity of the pelvis
insertion: adductor tubercle of the femus
isolated function: concentric hip adduction, extension, and external rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, flexion, and internal rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: ischial tuberosity of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: adductor tubercle of the femus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip adduction, extension, and external rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, flexion, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Adductor Brevis

category: hip musculature
origin: anterior surface of the lower pelvis
insertion: linea aspera of the femur
isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, extension, and external rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: anterior surface of the lower pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: linea aspera of the femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, extension, and external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Gracilis

category: hip musculature
origin: anterior aspect of the pubis
insertion: proximal, medial aspect of the tibia
isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, extension, and external rotation
stabilizes LPHC and knee

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: anterior aspect of the pubis</p></li><li><p>insertion: proximal, medial aspect of the tibia</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, extension, and external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes LPHC and knee</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Pectineus

category: hip musculature
origin: superior pectineal line of the pelvis
insertion: posterior pectineal line of the femur
isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, extension, external rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: superior pectineal line of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: posterior pectineal line of the femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip abduction, extension, external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Gluteus Medius

category: hip musculature
origin: illium of the pelvis
insertion: lateral trochanter of the femur
isolated function: concentric hip abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: illium of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: lateral trochanter of the femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Gluteus Minimus

category: hip musculature
origin: illium of the pelvis
insertion: trochanter of the femur
isolated function: concentric hip abduction and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip adduction and external rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: illium of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: trochanter of the femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip abduction and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip adduction and external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Gluteus Maximus

category: hip musculature
origin: illium of the pelvis, sacrum and coccyx
insertion: gluteul toberosity of the femur
isolated function: concentric hip extension and external rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip flexion, internal rotation, and tibial internal rotation
stabilizes LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: illium of the pelvis, sacrum and coccyx</p></li><li><p>insertion: gluteul toberosity of the femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip extension and external rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip flexion, internal rotation, and tibial internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Tensor Fascia Latae

category: hip musculature
origin: outer surface of the iliac crest
insertion: iliotibial band
isolated function: concentric hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip extension, adduction, and external rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: outer surface of the iliac crest</p></li><li><p>insertion: iliotibial band</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip extension, adduction, and external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Psoas

category: hip musculature
origin: thoracic vertebrae
insertion: trochanter of the femur
isolated function: concentric hip flexion, external hip rotation, and spinal rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip internal rotation, hip extension
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: thoracic vertebrae</p></li><li><p>insertion: trochanter of the femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip flexion, external hip rotation, and spinal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip internal rotation, hip extension</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Iliacus

category: hip musculature
origin: iliac fossa and iliac crest
insertion: trochanter of the femur
isolated function: concentric hip flexion and external rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip extension and internal rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: iliac fossa and iliac crest</p></li><li><p>insertion: trochanter of the femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip flexion and external rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip extension and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Sartorius

category: hip musculature
origin: anterior-superior iliac spine of the pelvis
insertion: proximal medial surface of the tibia
isolated function: concentric hip flexion, external hip rotation, and abduction, knee flexion and internal knee rotation
integrated function: eccentric hip extension, internal hip rotation, knee extension and external knee rotation
stabilizes the LPHC and knee

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: anterior-superior iliac spine of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: proximal medial surface of the tibia</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip flexion, external hip rotation, and abduction, knee flexion and internal knee rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip extension, internal hip rotation, knee extension and external knee rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC and knee</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Piriformis

category: hip musculature
origin: anterior sacrum
insertion: trochanter of the femur
isolated function: concentric hip external rotation, abduction, and extension
integrated function: eccentric hip internal rotation, adduction, and extension
stabilizes the hip and sacroiliac joints

<ul><li><p>category: hip musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: anterior sacrum</p></li><li><p>insertion: trochanter of the femur</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric hip external rotation, abduction, and extension</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric hip internal rotation, adduction, and extension</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the hip and sacroiliac joints</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Rectus Abdominis

category: abdominal musculature
origin: pubic symphysis of the pelvis
insertion: ribs 5-7 and sternum
isolated function: concentric spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation
integrated function: eccentric spinal extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: abdominal musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: pubic symphysis of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: ribs 5-7 and sternum</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric spinal extension, lateral flexion, and rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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External Oblique

category: abdominal musculature
origin: ribs 4-12
insertion: iliac crest of the pelvis
isolated function: concentric spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation
integrated function: eccentric spinal extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: abdominal musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: ribs 4-12</p></li><li><p>insertion: iliac crest of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric spinal extension, lateral flexion, and rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Internal Oblique

category: abdominal musculature
origin: iliac crest of the pelvis
insertion: ribs 9-12
isolated function: concentric spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation
integrated function: eccentric spinal extension, rotation, and lateral flexion
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: abdominal musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: iliac crest of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: ribs 9-12</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric spinal extension, rotation, and lateral flexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Transverse Abdominis

category: abdominal musculature
origin: ribs 7-12 and iliac crest of pelvis
insertion: lineae alba and contralateral rectus sheaths
isolated function: increase intra-abdominal pressure and support the abdominal viscera
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: abdominal musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: ribs 7-12 and iliac crest of pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: lineae alba and contralateral rectus sheaths</p></li><li><p>isolated function: increase intra-abdominal pressure and support the abdominal viscera</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Diaphragm

category: abdominal musculature
origin: ribs 6-12, xiphoid process, and L1-3
insertion: central tendon
isolated function: concentric pulls the central tendon inferiorly, increases volume in thoracic cavity
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: abdominal musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: ribs 6-12, xiphoid process, and L1-3</p></li><li><p>insertion: central tendon</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric pulls the central tendon inferiorly, increases volume in thoracic cavity</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Superficial Erector Spinae

category: back musculature
origin: iliac crest of the pelvis, sacrum and T11-15
insertion: posterior aspect of the ribs and skull
isolated function: concentric spinal extension, rotation, and lateral flexion
integrated function: eccentric spinal flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion
stabilizes the spine

<ul><li><p>category: back musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: iliac crest of the pelvis, sacrum and T11-15</p></li><li><p>insertion: posterior aspect of the ribs and skull</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric spinal extension, rotation, and lateral flexion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric spinal flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the spine</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Quadratus Lumborum

category: back musculature
origin: iliac crest of the pelvis
insertion: L2-L5 and 12th rib
isolated function: spinal lateral flexion
integrated function: eccentric contralateral lateral spinal flexion
stabilizes the LPHC

<ul><li><p>category: back musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: iliac crest of the pelvis</p></li><li><p>insertion: L2-L5 and 12th rib</p></li><li><p>isolated function: spinal lateral flexion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric contralateral lateral spinal flexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Multifidus

category: back musculature
origin: posterior aspect of the sacrum and spine
insertion: one to four segments above origin
isolated function: concentric spinal extension and contralateral rotation
integrated function: eccentric spinal flexion and rotation
stabilizes the spine

<ul><li><p>category: back musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: posterior aspect of the sacrum and spine</p></li><li><p>insertion: one to four segments above origin</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric spinal extension and contralateral rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric spinal flexion and rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the spine</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Latissimus Dorsi

category: back musculature
origin: T7-12, iliac crest of the pelvis, thoracolumbar fascia, and ribs 9-12
insertion: scapula and humerus
isolated function: concentric shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation and spinal flexion
stabilizes the LPHC and shoulder

<ul><li><p>category: back musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: T7-12, iliac crest of the pelvis, thoracolumbar fascia, and ribs 9-12</p></li><li><p>insertion: scapula and humerus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation and spinal flexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the LPHC and shoulder</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Serratus Anterior

category: shoulder musculature
origin: ribs 4-12
insertion: scapula
isolated function: concentric scapular protraction
integrated function: eccentric scapular retraction
stabilizes scapula

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: ribs 4-12</p></li><li><p>insertion: scapula</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric scapular protraction</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric scapular retraction</p></li><li><p>stabilizes scapula</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Rhomboid Major

category: shoulder musculature
origin: C7-T5
insertion: scapula
isolated function: concentric scapular retraction and downward rotation
integrated function: eccentric scapular protraction and upward rotation
stabilizes the scapula

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: C7-T5</p></li><li><p>insertion: scapula</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric scapular retraction and downward rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric scapular protraction and upward rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the scapula</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Rhomboid Minor

category: shoulder musculature
origin: C7-T1
insertion: scapula superior to the spine
isolated function: concentric scapular retraction and downward rotation
integrated function: eccentric scapular protraction and upward
stabilizes the scapula

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: C7-T1</p></li><li><p>insertion: scapula superior to the spine</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric scapular retraction and downward rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric scapular protraction and upward </p></li><li><p>stabilizes the scapula</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Lower Trapezius

category: shoulder musculature
origin: T6-T12
insertion: spine of the scapula
isolated function: concentric scapular depression
integrated function: eccentric scapular elevation
stabilizes scapula

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: T6-T12</p></li><li><p>insertion: spine of the scapula</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric scapular depression</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric scapular elevation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes scapula</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Middle Trapezius

category: shoulder musculature
origin: T1-T5
insertion: scapula
isolated function: concentric scapular retraction
integrated function: eccentric scapular elevation
stabilizes the scapula

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: T1-T5</p></li><li><p>insertion: scapula</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric scapular retraction</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric scapular elevation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the scapula</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Upper Trapezius

category: shoulder musculature
origin: skull and C7
insertion: clavicle and scapula
isolated function: concentric cervical extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
integrated function: eccentric cervical flexion, lateral flexion, rotation, and scapular depression
stabilizes the spine and scapula

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: skull and C7</p></li><li><p>insertion: clavicle and scapula</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric cervical extension, lateral flexion, and rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric cervical flexion, lateral flexion, rotation, and scapular depression</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the spine and scapula</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Pectoralis Major

category: shoulder musculature
origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-7
insertion: tubercle of the humerus
isolated function: concentric shoulder flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric shoulder extension, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation
stabilizes stabilizes shoulder girdle

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-7</p></li><li><p>insertion: tubercle of the humerus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric shoulder flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric shoulder extension, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes stabilizes shoulder girdle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Pectoralis Minor

category: shoulder musculature
origin: ribs 3-5
insertion: scapula
isolated function: concentric scapular protraction
integrated function: eccentric scapular retraction
stabilizes the shoulder girdle

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: ribs 3-5</p></li><li><p>insertion: scapula</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric scapular protraction</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric scapular retraction</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the shoulder girdle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Anterior Deltoid

category: shoulder musculature
origin: clavicle
insertion: humerus
isolated function: concentric shoulder flexion and internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric shoulder extension and external rotation
stabilizes the shoulder girdle

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: clavicle</p></li><li><p>insertion: humerus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric shoulder flexion and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric shoulder extension and external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the shoulder girdle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Medial Deltoid

category: shoulder musculature
origin: scapula
insertion: humerus
isolated function: concentric shoulder abduction
integrated function: eccentric shoulder adduction
stabilizes

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: scapula</p></li><li><p>insertion: humerus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric shoulder abduction</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric shoulder adduction</p></li><li><p>stabilizes </p></li></ul><p></p>

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Posterior Deltoid

category: shoulder musculature
origin: scapula
insertion: humerus
isolated function: concentric shoulder extension and external rotation
integrated function: eccentric shoulder flexion and internal rotation
stabilizes the shoulder girdle

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: scapula</p></li><li><p>insertion: humerus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric shoulder extension and external rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric shoulder flexion and internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the shoulder girdle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Teres Major

category: shoulder musculature
origin: scapula
insertion: humerus
isolated function: concentric shoulder internal rotation, adduction, and extension
integrated function: eccentric shoulder external rotation, abduction, and flexion
stabilizes the shoulder girdle

<ul><li><p>category: shoulder musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: scapula</p></li><li><p>insertion: humerus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric shoulder internal rotation, adduction, and extension</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric shoulder external rotation, abduction, and flexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the shoulder girdle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Teres Minor

category: rotator cuff
origin: scapula
insertion: humerus
isolated function: concentric shoulder external rotation
integrated function: eccentric shoulder internal rotation
stabilizes the shoulder girdle

<ul><li><p>category: rotator cuff</p></li><li><p>origin: scapula</p></li><li><p>insertion: humerus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric shoulder external rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric shoulder internal rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the shoulder girdle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Infraspinatus

category: rotator cuff
origin: scapula
insertion: humerus
isolated function: concentric shoulder external rotation
integrated function: eccentric shoulder internal rotation
stabilizes the shoulder girdle

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Subscapularis

category: rotator cuff
origin: scapula
insertion: humerus
isolated function: concentric shoulder internal rotation
integrated function: eccentric shoulder external rotation
stabilizes the shoulder girdle

<ul><li><p>category: rotator cuff</p></li><li><p>origin: scapula</p></li><li><p>insertion: humerus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric shoulder internal rotation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric shoulder external rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the shoulder girdle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Supraspinatus

category: rotator cuff
origin: scapula
insertion: humerus
isolated function: concentric arm abduction
integrated function: eccentric arm adduction
stabilizes the shoulder girdle

<ul><li><p>category: rotator cuff</p></li><li><p>origin: scapula</p></li><li><p>insertion: humerus</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric arm abduction</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric arm adduction</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the shoulder girdle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Biceps Brachii

category: arm musculature
origin: humerus and scapula
insertion: radius
isolated function: concentric elbow flexion, supination of the radioulnar joint, and shoulder flexion
integrated function: eccentric elbow extension, pronation of the radioulnar joint, and shoulder extension
stabilizes the shoulder girdle
two heads, short and long head

<ul><li><p>category: arm musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: humerus and scapula</p></li><li><p>insertion: radius</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric elbow flexion, supination of the radioulnar joint, and shoulder flexion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric elbow extension, pronation of the radioulnar joint, and shoulder extension</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the shoulder girdle</p></li><li><p>two heads, short and long head</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Triceps Brachii

category: arm musculature
origin: scapula and humerus
insertion: ulna
isolated function: concentric elbow extension and shoulder extension
integrated function: eccentric elbow flexion and shoulder flexion
stabilizes the shoulder girdle

<ul><li><p>category: arm musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: scapula and humerus</p></li><li><p>insertion: ulna</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric elbow extension and shoulder extension</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric elbow flexion and shoulder flexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the shoulder girdle</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Brachioradialis

category: arm musculature
origin: humerus
insertion: radius
isolated function: concentric elbow flexion
integrated function: eccentric elbow extension
stabilizes the elbow

<ul><li><p>category: arm musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: humerus</p></li><li><p>insertion: radius</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric elbow flexion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric elbow extension</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the elbow</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Brachialis

category: arm musculature
origin: humerus
insertion: ulna
isolated function: concentric elbow flexion
integrated function: eccentric elbow extension
stabilizes the elbow

<ul><li><p>category: arm musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: humerus</p></li><li><p>insertion: ulna</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric elbow flexion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric elbow extension</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the elbow</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Levator Scapulae

category: neck musculature
origin: C1-4
insertion: scapulae
isolated function: concentric cervical extension, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation, rotation of the scapula
integrated function: eccentriccervical flexion, contralateral cervical rotation, lateral flexion, and scapular depression and scapular upward rotation
stabilizes the cervical spine and scapulae

<ul><li><p>category: neck musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: C1-4</p></li><li><p>insertion: scapulae</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric cervical extension, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation, rotation of the scapula</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentriccervical flexion, contralateral cervical rotation, lateral flexion, and scapular depression and scapular upward rotation</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the cervical spine and scapulae</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Sternocleidomastoid

category: neck musclature
origin: sternum and clavicle
insertion: skull
isolated function: concentric cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion
integrated function: eccentric cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexion
stabilizes the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint

<ul><li><p>category: neck musclature</p></li><li><p>origin: sternum and clavicle</p></li><li><p>insertion: skull</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the cervical spine and acromioclavicular joint</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Scalenes

category: neck musculature
origin: C3-7
insertion: first and second ribs
isolated function: concentric cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion, rib elevation during inhalation
integrated function: eccentric cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexion
stabilizes the cervical spine

<ul><li><p>category: neck musculature</p></li><li><p>origin: C3-7</p></li><li><p>insertion: first and second ribs</p></li><li><p>isolated function: concentric cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion, rib elevation during inhalation</p></li><li><p>integrated function: eccentric cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexion</p></li><li><p>stabilizes the cervical spine</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Longus Coli

category: neck musculature
origin: T1-T3
insertion: C1
isolated function: concentric cervical flexion, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation
integrated function: eccentric cervical extension, laterla flexion, and contralateral rotation
stabilizes the cervical spine