2. Business

• be prone to (phr.) /prəʊn tə/ - Example: Teenagers are more prone to stress than adults.

có xu hướng, dễ mắc phải; likely to suffer from or do something negative → tend to, be susceptible to

• morale (n.) /məˈrɑːl/ - Example: High employee morale often leads to greater productivity.

tinh thần, tinh thần làm việc; the confidence and enthusiasm of a person or group → confidence, spirit

• be made redundant (phr.) /rɪˈdʌndənt/ - Example: Hundreds of workers were made redundant during the economic downturn.

bị cho nghỉ việc do cắt giảm nhân sự; to lose one's job because it is no longer needed → lose one's job, be laid off

• impose (v.) /ɪmˈpəʊz/ - Example: The government imposed higher taxes on luxury goods.

áp đặt, ban hành; to introduce or force something to be accepted → enforce, introduce

• retrenchment (n.) /rɪˈtrentʃmənt/ - Example: The company announced a period of retrenchment to reduce costs.

sự cắt giảm chi tiêu/nhân sự; a deliberate reduction in spending or staff → cutback, downsizing

• an abundance of (phr.) /əˈbʌndəns/ - Example: The internet provides an abundance of learning resources.

rất nhiều, dồi dào; a very large quantity of something → plenty of, a wealth of

• be inconsistent with (phr.) /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt wɪð/ - Example: His actions were inconsistent with company policy.

không phù hợp, không nhất quán với; not in agreement with something → conflict with

• goal-setting (n.) /ˈɡəʊl ˌsetɪŋ/ - Example: Effective goal-setting improves employee motivation.

việc đặt mục tiêu; the process of deciding objectives → objective planning

• in conjunction with (phr.) /ɪn kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn wɪð/ - Example: The project was completed in conjunction with local authorities.

kết hợp với; together with something else → together with

• regardless of (phr.) /rɪˈɡɑːdləs əv/ - Example: Everyone is treated equally regardless of their background.

bất kể; despite or without considering → despite

• be contingent on/upon (phr.) /kənˈtɪndʒənt/ - Example: Promotion is contingent upon your performance.

phụ thuộc vào; depending on something else → depend on

• allocate (v.) /ˈæləkeɪt/ - Example: The government allocated more funds to education.

phân bổ, cấp phát; to distribute resources for a purpose → assign, distribute

• reinforce (v.) /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs/ - Example: Positive feedback reinforces good behaviour.

củng cố, tăng cường; to make something stronger → strengthen

• the attainment of (phr.) /əˈteɪnmənt/ - Example: Hard work is essential for the attainment of success.

việc đạt được; the successful achievement of something → achievement of

• transparent (adj.) /trænˈspærənt/ - Example: The recruitment process should be transparent and fair.

minh bạch; open and easy to understand → open, clear

• equitable (adj.) /ˈekwɪtəbl/ - Example: The company introduced an equitable reward system.

công bằng, hợp lý; fair and impartial → fair, impartial

• perceive (v.) /pəˈsiːv/ - Example: Many employees perceive the policy as unfair.

nhận thức, cho rằng; to see or understand something in a particular way → view, regard

• appraisal (n.) /əˈpreɪzl/ - Example: Staff receive a performance appraisal every year.

sự đánh giá (hiệu suất); an evaluation of someone's work → evaluation, assessment

• autonomy (n.) /ɔːˈtɒnəmi/ - Example: Employees with greater autonomy tend to be more motivated.

quyền tự chủ; the freedom to make independent decisions → independence

• promotional opportunities (n. phr.) - Example: The company offers excellent promotional opportunities for young professionals.

cơ hội thăng tiến; opportunities to move to a higher position → career advancement

• pay rise (n. phr.) - Example: She received a pay rise after her excellent performance appraisal.

tăng lương; an increase in salary → salary increase

• employee morale (n. phr.) - Example: Flexible working hours can improve employee morale.

tinh thần của nhân viên; workers' confidence and enthusiasm → staff morale

• job security (n. phr.) - Example: Many workers value job security more than a high salary.

sự ổn định trong công việc; the likelihood of keeping one's job → employment security

• pay cuts (n. phr.) - Example: The company introduced pay cuts during the recession.

cắt giảm lương; reductions in employees' salaries → salary reductions

• high achievers (n. phr.) - Example: High achievers are often given leadership opportunities.

những người đạt thành tích cao; people who consistently perform well → top performers

• managerial post (n. phr.) - Example: She was promoted to a managerial post last year.

vị trí quản lý; a management position within an organisation → management position

• goal-setting theory (n. phr.) - Example: Goal-setting theory suggests that clear objectives improve performance.

thuyết đặt mục tiêu; a theory explaining how goals influence performance → motivation theory

• performance goals (n. phr.) - Example: Employees should set realistic performance goals.

mục tiêu hiệu suất; targets related to work performance → work objectives

• performance appraisal (n. phr.) - Example: Performance appraisals are conducted annually.

đánh giá hiệu suất làm việc; a formal assessment of an employee's work → performance review

• reward system (n. phr.) - Example: A fair reward system encourages employees to work harder.

hệ thống khen thưởng; a system for rewarding good performance → incentive system

• performance bonus (n. phr.) - Example: Outstanding employees receive a performance bonus at the end of the year.

thưởng theo hiệu suất; extra payment based on work results → bonus payment

• annual salary increase (n. phr.) - Example: Staff are eligible for an annual salary increase based on performance.

mức tăng lương hằng năm; a yearly rise in salary → yearly pay rise

• decision-making (n.) - Example: Managers should involve employees in decision-making.

quá trình ra quyết định; the process of making choices → making decisions

• organisational culture (n. phr.) - Example: A positive organisational culture attracts talented employees.

văn hóa tổ chức; the shared values and practices of a company → corporate culture

• organisational decline (n. phr.) - Example: Poor leadership contributed to the organisation's decline.

sự suy giảm của tổ chức; a period of worsening performance → business decline

• organisational growth (n. phr.) - Example: Innovation plays a key role in organisational growth.

sự phát triển của tổ chức; expansion and improvement of an organisation → business growth

• well within someone's ability (phr.) - Example: Completing the project on time is well within her ability.

hoàn toàn trong khả năng của ai đó; easily achievable for someone → easily capable of

• increase the visibility of sth (phr.) - Example: Social media campaigns increase the visibility of small businesses.

làm tăng mức độ hiển thị/được chú ý của…; to make something easier to notice → raise awareness of

• place different degrees of importance on (phr.) - Example: Different generations place different degrees of importance on work-life balance.

coi trọng các yếu tố ở những mức độ khác nhau; to value things differently → value differently

• regard sth as valid (phr.) - Example: Most experts regard the evidence as valid.

xem điều gì là hợp lý/chính đáng; to consider something acceptable or correct → consider, view as

• perceive sth as manipulative (phr.) - Example: Some employees perceive performance bonuses as manipulative.

cho rằng điều gì mang tính thao túng; to see something as intended to control people unfairly → view as controlling

• be negatively affected by (phr.) - Example: Employee morale can be negatively affected by frequent pay cuts.

bị ảnh hưởng tiêu cực bởi; to suffer harmful effects from something → be harmed by, suffer from