tok 20 vocab 5

ethics

the branch of knowledge to do with right and wrong, and the study of the moral principles that govern our beliefs and behaviors

Occam’s Razor

the principle that a simple solution or explanation is more likely to be correct than a complicated one

moral absolutism

the belief that there is at least one universal moral principle, which should always be followed irrespective of the context or their consequences

rule worship

blindly following moral rules irrespective of whether or not they are appropriate

deontological ethics

the belief that ethics is fundamentally a matter of doing your duty and fulfilling your obligations

teleological ethics

to do with the outcome or consequence based on the idea that we know if an action is ethical based on the result or end achieved

hedonistic

a way of determining the amount of pleasure or pain caused by an action by measuring its intensity, duration, centainty, closeness, fruitfulness, purity, and effect; engaged in the pursuit of pleasure

utilitarianism

the belief that ethics can ultimately be reduced to the principle that we should maximise well-being

primary emotions

universal emotions which are usually said to comprise happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust and surprise

complex emotions

can be thought of as a mixture of primary emotions

egocentric

our unreflective emotions are typically concerned with things that are beneficial or harmful to us. so, far from being a guide to universal values, they are often a reflection of our own self-serving interests people tie to us; we’re unhappy, but we lie to others happily

conspiracy theory

either a denial that an event took place, or the belief in an explanation for an event based on the idea that there was a deliberate and secret agency of people or organisations

dogmatism

a tendency to lay down principles as undeniably true without consideration of evidence or the opinions of others

correspondence theory of truth

the theory that a statement is true if it corresponds to a fact

coherence theory of truth

the theory that a proposition is true if it fits in with our overall set of beliefs

pragmatic theory of truth

the theory that truths are beliefs which have been scientifically verified or lead to predictable and dependable outcomes

consensus theory of truth

the theory that truth is based on a set of beliefs that the majority of people agree on

pluralist theory of truth

the theory that there are multiple truths, and various meanings of the word ‘truth’

post-truth

relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief

deepfake

the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to create fake videos creating the false impression of authenticity