Acids, Bases, and Salts Flashcards

Flashcards to review the properties, reactions, and uses of acids, bases, and salts.

Acids and Bases

Chemicals that increase the number of ions present in a water solution when they dissolve.

Hydronium Ions

Positively charged H3O+ ions.

Hydroxide Ions

Negatively charged OH- ions.

Self-ionization of water

The reaction in which water molecules produce ions (H3O+ and OH-).

Bases with Hydroxide Ions

They break apart to release the OH- ions.

Strong Acid Behavior in Water

All of the molecules of the acid break apart completely, forming many H3O+ ions.

Strong Base Behavior in Water

All of the molecules of the base break apart completely, forming OH- ions.

Weak Acids and Bases Behavior in Water

Only a few molecules form ions in water, producing few hydronium or hydroxide ions.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Acids

Acids taste sour, conduct electricity, are corrosive, react with metals, and turn blue litmus paper red.

Chemical Properties of Acids

Acids are corrosive and can react with and destroy body tissue, clothing and more other things.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Bases

Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, conduct electricity, are corrosive, do not react with metals and turn red litmus paper blue.

Caustic Property of Bases

Bases burn or corrode other substances.

Neutralization Reaction

The reaction between an acid and a base in a water solution that produces water and a salt.

Salt (in the context of acid-base reactions)

An ionic compound that forms from the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base.

Nitrates and Ammonium Salts Use

Fertilizers.

Sodium Chloride and Monosodium Glutamate Use

To enhance the taste of the food.

Sodium Chloride, Sodium Benzoate and Sodium Nitrite Use

To prolong the shelf life of food.

Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate

As antacids.

Calcium Sulphate

As plaster to support broken bones.

Sulphates

To kill insects.

Silver Bromide

To make films and photographic paper.

Potassium Manganate(VII)

As a disinfectant to treat wounds.